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499.833 541.032 498.528 539.727 496.92 539.727 c
495.312 539.727 494.007 541.032 494.007 542.64 c
494.007 544.248 495.312 545.553 496.92 545.553 c
498.528 545.553 499.833 544.248 499.833 542.64 c
h
523.113 563.04 m
523.113 561.432 521.808 560.127 520.2 560.127 c
518.592 560.127 517.287 561.432 517.287 563.04 c
517.287 564.648 518.592 565.953 520.2 565.953 c
521.808 565.953 523.113 564.648 523.113 563.04 c
h
479.433 563.04 m
479.433 561.432 478.128 560.127 476.52 560.127 c
474.912 560.127 473.607 561.432 473.607 563.04 c
473.607 564.648 474.912 565.953 476.52 565.953 c
478.128 565.953 479.433 564.648 479.433 563.04 c
h
499.833 580.5 m
499.833 578.892 498.528 577.587 496.92 577.587 c
495.312 577.587 494.007 578.892 494.007 580.5 c
494.007 582.108 495.312 583.413 496.92 583.413 c
498.528 583.413 499.833 582.108 499.833 580.5 c
s
0.291 w
473.617 560.107 m
459.052 548.456 l
S
BT
6.9909 0 0 6.9909 488.1809 513.5017 Tm
(RG015)Tj
-5.2532 9.1667 TD
(movie)Tj
/TT7 1 Tf
2.4995 0 TD
<00ef>Tj
/TT8 1 Tf
0.564 0 TD
(award)Tj
-6.5603 -5.4167 TD
(RG012)Tj
5.4169 0.4167 TD
(movie)Tj
ET
479.442 560.107 m
494.007 545.543 l
459.052 539.717 m
476.529 522.24 l
453.227 536.805 m
447.401 522.24 l
S
BT
6.9909 0 0 6.9909 431.0666 563.0204 Tm
(movie)Tj
/TT7 1 Tf
2.4995 0 TD
<00ef>Tj
/TT8 1 Tf
0.564 0 TD
(award)Tj
ET
530.436 548.46 m
530.436 547.645 529.775 546.984 528.96 546.984 c
528.145 546.984 527.484 547.645 527.484 548.46 c
527.484 549.275 528.145 549.936 528.96 549.936 c
529.775 549.936 530.436 549.275 530.436 548.46 c
s
1 0 0 RG
1.165 w
459.026 542.64 m
459.026 540.175 457.025 538.174 454.56 538.174 c
452.095 538.174 450.094 540.175 450.094 542.64 c
450.094 545.105 452.095 547.106 454.56 547.106 c
457.025 547.106 459.026 545.105 459.026 542.64 c
s
BT
6.9909 0 0 6.9909 493.3319 528.066 Tm
(\(1950s Oscars\))Tj
1.9304 1.25 TD
(name)Tj
-26.0006 -2.5 TD
(RB175)Tj
3.5243 5.4167 TD
(movie)Tj
/TT7 1 Tf
2.4995 0 TD
<00ef>Tj
/TT8 1 Tf
0.564 0 TD
(role)Tj
-14.0877 -9.1667 TD
(RB125)Tj
15.4169 12.0833 TD
(movie)Tj
ET
0 0.56 0 RG
457.473 542.64 m
457.473 541.032 456.168 539.727 454.56 539.727 c
452.952 539.727 451.647 541.032 451.647 542.64 c
451.647 544.248 452.952 545.553 454.56 545.553 c
456.168 545.553 457.473 544.248 457.473 542.64 c
s
0.291 w
520.236 548.46 m
520.236 547.645 519.575 546.984 518.76 546.984 c
517.945 546.984 517.284 547.645 517.284 548.46 c
517.284 549.275 517.945 549.936 518.76 549.936 c
519.575 549.936 520.236 549.275 520.236 548.46 c
h
510.036 548.46 m
510.036 547.645 509.375 546.984 508.56 546.984 c
507.745 546.984 507.084 547.645 507.084 548.46 c
507.084 549.275 507.745 549.936 508.56 549.936 c
509.375 549.936 510.036 549.275 510.036 548.46 c
s
BT
6.9909 0 0 6.9909 492.2657 557.1946 Tm
(\(Oscar\))Tj
0.4163 1.25 TD
(name)Tj
ET
1 0 0 RG
1.165 w
485.246 519.36 m
485.246 516.895 483.245 514.894 480.78 514.894 c
478.315 514.894 476.314 516.895 476.314 519.36 c
476.314 521.826 478.315 523.826 480.78 523.826 c
483.245 523.826 485.246 521.826 485.246 519.36 c
s
0 0.56 0 RG
483.693 519.3 m
483.693 517.692 482.388 516.387 480.78 516.387 c
479.172 516.387 477.867 517.692 477.867 519.3 c
477.867 520.908 479.172 522.213 480.78 522.213 c
482.388 522.213 483.693 520.908 483.693 519.3 c
s
BT
6.9909 0 0 6.9909 489.35 504.7631 Tm
(name)Tj
-2.1665 -1.25 TD
(\(All About Eve\))Tj
ET
1 0 0 RG
125.606 548.46 m
125.606 545.995 123.605 543.994 121.14 543.994 c
118.675 543.994 116.674 545.995 116.674 548.46 c
116.674 550.925 118.675 552.926 121.14 552.926 c
123.605 552.926 125.606 550.925 125.606 548.46 c
s
0 0 1 RG
0.291 w
182.33 571.759 m
161.94 557.195 l
106.596 571.759 m
118.247 554.282 l
100.77 571.759 m
80.38 557.195 l
S
1.165 w
188.133 573.24 m
188.133 571.632 186.828 570.327 185.22 570.327 c
183.612 570.327 182.307 571.632 182.307 573.24 c
182.307 574.848 183.612 576.153 185.22 576.153 c
186.828 576.153 188.133 574.848 188.133 573.24 c
h
147.393 595.08 m
147.393 593.472 146.088 592.167 144.48 592.167 c
142.872 592.167 141.567 593.472 141.567 595.08 c
141.567 596.688 142.872 597.993 144.48 597.993 c
146.088 597.993 147.393 596.688 147.393 595.08 c
h
83.313 552.84 m
83.313 551.232 82.008 549.927 80.4 549.927 c
78.792 549.927 77.487 551.232 77.487 552.84 c
77.487 554.448 78.792 555.753 80.4 555.753 c
82.008 555.753 83.313 554.448 83.313 552.84 c
h
106.593 573.24 m
106.593 571.632 105.288 570.327 103.68 570.327 c
102.072 570.327 100.767 571.632 100.767 573.24 c
100.767 574.848 102.072 576.153 103.68 576.153 c
105.288 576.153 106.593 574.848 106.593 573.24 c
h
164.853 552.84 m
164.853 551.232 163.548 549.927 161.94 549.927 c
160.332 549.927 159.027 551.232 159.027 552.84 c
159.027 554.448 160.332 555.753 161.94 555.753 c
163.548 555.753 164.853 554.448 164.853 552.84 c
s
0.291 w
188.156 571.759 m
199.807 554.282 l
S
BT
6.9909 0 0 6.9909 176.5046 547.019 Tm
(RB157)Tj
-2.9167 -4.1667 TD
(RB175)Tj
-6.4159 7.2889 TD
(actor)Tj
6.0554 4.1667 TD
(actors)Tj
ET
199.807 545.543 m
188.156 528.066 l
141.55 592.149 m
106.596 574.672 l
147.376 592.149 m
182.33 577.585 l
121.16 542.63 m
121.16 525.153 l
157.596 577.62 m
157.596 576.805 156.935 576.144 156.12 576.144 c
155.305 576.144 154.644 576.805 154.644 577.62 c
154.644 578.435 155.305 579.096 156.12 579.096 c
156.935 579.096 157.596 578.435 157.596 577.62 c
s
BT
6.9909 0 0 6.9909 130.1991 532.4547 Tm
(\(Audrey Hepburn\))Tj
2.6243 1.25 TD
(name)Tj
ET
1.165 w
188.133 522.24 m
188.133 520.632 186.828 519.327 185.22 519.327 c
183.612 519.327 182.307 520.632 182.307 522.24 c
182.307 523.848 183.612 525.153 185.22 525.153 c
186.828 525.153 188.133 523.848 188.133 522.24 c
s
1 0 0 RG
189.686 522.24 m
189.686 519.775 187.685 517.774 185.22 517.774 c
182.755 517.774 180.754 519.775 180.754 522.24 c
180.754 524.705 182.755 526.706 185.22 526.706 c
187.685 526.706 189.686 524.705 189.686 522.24 c
h
310.473 570.3 m
310.473 568.692 309.168 567.387 307.56 567.387 c
305.952 567.387 304.647 568.692 304.647 570.3 c
304.647 571.908 305.952 573.213 307.56 573.213 c
309.168 573.213 310.473 571.908 310.473 570.3 c
s
0 0 1 RG
124.053 548.46 m
124.053 546.852 122.748 545.547 121.14 545.547 c
119.532 545.547 118.227 546.852 118.227 548.46 c
118.227 550.068 119.532 551.373 121.14 551.373 c
122.748 551.373 124.053 550.068 124.053 548.46 c
s
1 0 0 RG
207.206 548.46 m
207.206 545.995 205.205 543.994 202.74 543.994 c
200.275 543.994 198.274 545.995 198.274 548.46 c
198.274 550.925 200.275 552.926 202.74 552.926 c
205.205 552.926 207.206 550.925 207.206 548.46 c
s
0 0 1 RG
205.653 548.46 m
205.653 546.852 204.348 545.547 202.74 545.547 c
201.132 545.547 199.827 546.852 199.827 548.46 c
199.827 550.068 201.132 551.373 202.74 551.373 c
204.348 551.373 205.653 550.068 205.653 548.46 c
s
BT
6.9909 0 0 6.9909 113.5907 506.239 Tm
(name)Tj
-4.1667 5 TD
(name)Tj
-1.5969 -1.25 TD
(\(Bette Davis\))Tj
ET
0.291 w
137.196 577.62 m
137.196 576.805 136.535 576.144 135.72 576.144 c
134.905 576.144 134.244 576.805 134.244 577.62 c
134.244 578.435 134.905 579.096 135.72 579.096 c
136.535 579.096 137.196 578.435 137.196 577.62 c
h
147.396 577.62 m
147.396 576.805 146.735 576.144 145.92 576.144 c
145.105 576.144 144.444 576.805 144.444 577.62 c
144.444 578.435 145.105 579.096 145.92 579.096 c
146.735 579.096 147.396 578.435 147.396 577.62 c
s
1.165 w
124.053 522.24 m
124.053 520.632 122.748 519.327 121.14 519.327 c
119.532 519.327 118.227 520.632 118.227 522.24 c
118.227 523.848 119.532 525.153 121.14 525.153 c
122.748 525.153 124.053 523.848 124.053 522.24 c
s
BT
6.9909 0 0 6.9909 95.0468 497.5004 Tm
(\(Margo Channing\))Tj
12.2359 1.25 TD
(name)Tj
-2.4309 -1.25 TD
(\(Holly Golightly\))Tj
ET
1 0 0 RG
125.606 522.24 m
125.606 519.775 123.605 517.774 121.14 517.774 c
118.675 517.774 116.674 519.775 116.674 522.24 c
116.674 524.705 118.675 526.706 121.14 526.706 c
123.605 526.706 125.606 524.705 125.606 522.24 c
s
BT
6.9909 0 0 6.9909 192.8217 568.8461 Tm
(actor)Tj
ET
0 0 1 RG
355.766 519.36 m
355.766 516.895 353.765 514.894 351.3 514.894 c
348.835 514.894 346.834 516.895 346.834 519.36 c
346.834 521.826 348.835 523.826 351.3 523.826 c
353.765 523.826 355.766 521.826 355.766 519.36 c
s
BT
6.9909 0 0 6.9909 220.2999 480.0232 Tm
(\(Margo Channing\))Tj
2.6526 1.25 TD
(name)Tj
ET
1 0 0 RG
266.793 493.14 m
266.793 491.532 265.488 490.227 263.88 490.227 c
262.272 490.227 260.967 491.532 260.967 493.14 c
260.967 494.748 262.272 496.053 263.88 496.053 c
265.488 496.053 266.793 494.748 266.793 493.14 c
s
BT
6.9909 0 0 6.9909 319.8248 558.6705 Tm
(\(drama\))Tj
ET
0 0 1 RG
370.286 548.46 m
370.286 545.995 368.285 543.994 365.82 543.994 c
363.355 543.994 361.354 545.995 361.354 548.46 c
361.354 550.925 363.355 552.926 365.82 552.926 c
368.285 552.926 370.286 550.925 370.286 548.46 c
s
1 0 0 RG
368.733 548.46 m
368.733 546.852 367.428 545.547 365.82 545.547 c
364.212 545.547 362.907 546.852 362.907 548.46 c
362.907 550.068 364.212 551.373 365.82 551.373 c
367.428 551.373 368.733 550.068 368.733 548.46 c
s
0 0 1 RG
268.346 493.08 m
268.346 490.615 266.345 488.614 263.88 488.614 c
261.415 488.614 259.414 490.615 259.414 493.08 c
259.414 495.545 261.415 497.546 263.88 497.546 c
266.345 497.546 268.346 495.545 268.346 493.08 c
s
1 0 0 RG
354.213 519.3 m
354.213 517.692 352.908 516.387 351.3 516.387 c
349.692 516.387 348.387 517.692 348.387 519.3 c
348.387 520.908 349.692 522.213 351.3 522.213 c
352.908 522.213 354.213 520.908 354.213 519.3 c
s
0.291 w
333.816 586.32 m
333.816 585.505 333.155 584.844 332.34 584.844 c
331.525 584.844 330.864 585.505 330.864 586.32 c
330.864 587.135 331.525 587.796 332.34 587.796 c
333.155 587.796 333.816 587.135 333.816 586.32 c
h
344.016 586.32 m
344.016 585.505 343.355 584.844 342.54 584.844 c
341.725 584.844 341.064 585.505 341.064 586.32 c
341.064 587.135 341.725 587.796 342.54 587.796 c
343.355 587.796 344.016 587.135 344.016 586.32 c
s
1.165 w
284.313 587.82 m
284.313 586.212 283.008 584.907 281.4 584.907 c
279.792 584.907 278.487 586.212 278.487 587.82 c
278.487 589.428 279.792 590.733 281.4 590.733 c
283.008 590.733 284.313 589.428 284.313 587.82 c
h
284.313 570.3 m
284.313 568.692 283.008 567.387 281.4 567.387 c
279.792 567.387 278.487 568.692 278.487 570.3 c
278.487 571.908 279.792 573.213 281.4 573.213 c
283.008 573.213 284.313 571.908 284.313 570.3 c
s
0.291 w
323.616 586.32 m
323.616 585.505 322.955 584.844 322.14 584.844 c
321.325 584.844 320.664 585.505 320.664 586.32 c
320.664 587.135 321.325 587.796 322.14 587.796 c
322.955 587.796 323.616 587.135 323.616 586.32 c
s
BT
6.9909 0 0 6.9909 364.0969 509.1518 Tm
(name)Tj
-2.4309 -1.25 TD
(\(Holly Golightly\))Tj
5.7642 5.4167 TD
(name)Tj
-3.6372 -1.25 TD
(\(Breakfast at Tiffanys\))Tj
-5.5295 5.4167 TD
(name)Tj
-3.8332 -9.1667 TD
(\(All About Eve\))Tj
2.1665 1.25 TD
(name)Tj
-12.083 6.6667 TD
(\(comedy\))Tj
0.833 1.25 TD
(name)Tj
-17.4763 -1.6667 TD
(movie)Tj
/TT7 1 Tf
2.4995 0 TD
<00ef>Tj
/TT8 1 Tf
0.564 0 TD
[(role)-6631.8(movie)]TJ
/TT7 1 Tf
10.686 0 TD
<00ef>Tj
/TT8 1 Tf
0.564 0 TD
(role)Tj
-11.5877 -5.4167 TD
(RB125)Tj
0 4.1667 TD
(RB117)Tj
15.1672 6.25 TD
(name)Tj
ET
0 0.56 0 RG
1.165 w
277.106 542.64 m
277.106 540.175 275.105 538.174 272.64 538.174 c
270.175 538.174 268.174 540.175 268.174 542.64 c
268.174 545.105 270.175 547.106 272.64 547.106 c
275.105 547.106 277.106 545.105 277.106 542.64 c
s
1 0 0 RG
275.553 542.64 m
275.553 541.032 274.248 539.727 272.64 539.727 c
271.032 539.727 269.727 541.032 269.727 542.64 c
269.727 544.248 271.032 545.553 272.64 545.553 c
274.248 545.553 275.553 544.248 275.553 542.64 c
s
BT
6.9909 0 0 6.9909 314.5782 547.019 Tm
(name)Tj
-1 -1.25 TD
(\(slapstick\))Tj
ET
304.653 516.42 m
304.653 514.812 303.348 513.507 301.74 513.507 c
300.132 513.507 298.827 514.812 298.827 516.42 c
298.827 518.028 300.132 519.333 301.74 519.333 c
303.348 519.333 304.653 518.028 304.653 516.42 c
s
BT
6.9909 0 0 6.9909 237.6786 581.9734 Tm
(\(all\))Tj
ET
0 0 1 RG
259.646 519.36 m
259.646 516.895 257.645 514.894 255.18 514.894 c
252.715 514.894 250.714 516.895 250.714 519.36 c
250.714 521.826 252.715 523.826 255.18 523.826 c
257.645 523.826 259.646 521.826 259.646 519.36 c
s
1 0 0 RG
258.033 519.3 m
258.033 517.692 256.728 516.387 255.12 516.387 c
253.512 516.387 252.207 517.692 252.207 519.3 c
252.207 520.908 253.512 522.213 255.12 522.213 c
256.728 522.213 258.033 520.908 258.033 519.3 c
s
0 0.56 0 RG
306.206 516.42 m
306.206 513.955 304.205 511.954 301.74 511.954 c
299.275 511.954 297.274 513.955 297.274 516.42 c
297.274 518.885 299.275 520.886 301.74 520.886 c
304.205 520.886 306.206 518.885 306.206 516.42 c
s
0 g
q
0.48 0 0 -138.84 543.828 613.9681 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
q
478.68 0 0 -0.48 65.508 475.248 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
/TT6 1 Tf
8.9664 0 0 8.9664 53.76 448.5 Tm
[(Figur)13.4(e)-200.7(2)0(:)-294.4(Example)-214.1(MCT)-200.7(database)-214.1(comprising)-200.7(thr)13.4(ee)-200.8(single-color)13.4(ed)-214.1(tr)13.4(ees.)-281(Multi-color)13.4(ed)-200.8(nodes)-200.8(occur)-214.1(in)-200.8(multiple)-187.4(tr)13.4(ees,)-214.1(ar)13.4(e)-214.1(r)13.4(epr)13.4(esented)]TJ
0 -1.1777 TD
[(with)-227.5(multiple)-214.1(cir)13.4(cles,)-227.5(and)-227.5(ha)26.8(v)13.4(e)-240.9(associated)-240.9(an)-227.5(identi)]TJ
/TT15 1 Tf
21.4138 0 TD
(о)Tj
/TT6 1 Tf
0.5562 0 TD
[(er)-214.1(label)-227.5(comprising)-227.5(the)-227.5(node)-227.5(colors)-254.3(\(by)-227.5(their)-227.5(initials\))-214.1(and)-227.5(a)-227.5(unique)-214.1(node)-227.5(number)93.7(,)]TJ
-21.9699 -1.1643 TD
[(e.g)13.4(.,)]TJ
/TT13 1 Tf
1.9214 0 TD
(RG012)Tj
/TT6 1 Tf
3.0005 0 TD
(.)Tj
/TT8 1 Tf
-4.9219 -3.3057 TD
[(is)-361.4(represented)-388.1(in)]TJ
/TT11 1 Tf
7.164 0 TD
[(eac)13.4(h)]TJ
/TT8 1 Tf
2.249 0 TD
[(of)-361.4(its)-361.4(colored)-374.7(trees,)-388.1(e.g.,)-388.1(as)-374.7(a)-361.4(green)-374.7(circle)]TJ
-9.4131 -1.1777 TD
[(with)-348(a)-361.4(red)-348(outer)-361.4(circle)-348(in)-348(the)-361.3(green)-361.4(tree,)-374.7(and)-361.3(as)-348(a)-348(red)-361.3(circle)-348(with)]TJ
0 -1.1643 TD
[(a)-361.4(green)-374.7(outer)-374.7(circle)-361.3(in)-361.4(the)-361.3(red)-374.7(tree.)-642.4(In)-361.4(the)-361.4(e)13.4(xample)-374.7(MCT)-361.3(mo)13.4(vie)]TJ
T*
[(database,)-321.2(a)]TJ
/TT13 1 Tf
4.7519 0 TD
(movie)Tj
/TT8 1 Tf
3.2815 0 TD
[(node)-307.8(is)-281(both)-307.8(red)-294.4(and)-307.8(green)-307.8(\(i.e.,)-281(it)-281(participates)]TJ
-8.0334 -1.1643 TD
[(in)-281.1(both)-294.4(colored)-294.4(hierarchies\),)-294.4(if)-281(it)-267.7(has)-294.4(been)-294.4(nominated)-294.4(for)-281(an)-294.4(Oscar)]TJ
/TT13 1 Tf
T*
(movie-award)Tj
/TT8 1 Tf
6.6011 0 TD
0.2677 Tc
(.A)Tj
/TT13 1 Tf
1.454 0 TD
0 Tc
(movie)Tj
/TT8 1 Tf
3.2012 0 TD
[(node)-240.9(is)-214.1(only)-214.1(red)-227.5(if)-200.8(it)-214.1(has)-227.5(not)-214.1(been)-227.5(nom-)]TJ
-11.2563 -1.1644 TD
[(inated)-307.8(for)-281(an)-294.4(Oscar)]TJ
/TT13 1 Tf
8.063 0 TD
(movie-award)Tj
/TT8 1 Tf
6.6011 0 TD
[(.)-401.5(I)0(n)-294.4(the)-294.4(e)13.4(xample,)-307.8(the)-294.4(children)]TJ
/TT13 1 Tf
-14.6641 -1.1777 TD
(name)Tj
/TT8 1 Tf
2.6413 0 TD
[(nodes)-267.7(of)]TJ
/TT13 1 Tf
3.6746 0 TD
(movie)Tj
/TT8 1 Tf
3.2414 0 TD
[(nodes)-254.3(ha)13.4(v)13.4(e)-254.3(all)-240.9(the)-254.3(same)-240.9(colors)-254.3(as)-254.3(their)-240.9(par)13.4(-)]TJ
-9.5573 -1.1644 TD
[(ents.)-548.7(In)-321.2(addition,)]TJ
/TT13 1 Tf
7.4525 0 TD
(movie)Tj
/TT8 1 Tf
3.3083 0 TD
[(nodes)-348(that)-321.2(are)-334.6(both)-334.6(green)-334.6(and)-348(red)-321.2(ha)13.4(v)13.4(e)]TJ
-10.7608 -1.1643 TD
[(green)-321.2(children)]TJ
/TT13 1 Tf
6.1395 0 TD
(votes)Tj
/TT8 1 Tf
3.2949 0 TD
[(nodes,)-334.6(indicating)-321.2(the)-321.2(number)-321.2(of)]TJ
/TT9 1 Tf
13.2974 0 TD
(о)Tj
/TT8 1 Tf
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T*
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T*
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T*
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T*
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T*
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T*
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T*
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[(3.)-1003.8(THE)-250.9(MCT)-250.9(LOGICAL)-250.9(D)30.1(A)90.3(T)90.3(A)-240.9(MODEL)]TJ
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29.3363 32.0665 TD
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T*
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T*
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[(3.1)-993.7(Multi-Color)20.1(ed)-261(T)70.3(r)20.1(ees)]TJ
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[(nes)-254.3(a)]TJ
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[(In)-361.4(the)-361.4(XML)-361.3(data)-361.3(model)-374.7([14],)-388.1(ten)-361.4(accessors)-374.7(are)-361.3(de)]TJ
/TT9 1 Tf
20.8257 0 TD
(о)Tj
/TT8 1 Tf
0.5562 0 TD
[(ned)-374.7(for)-361.3(all)]TJ
-22.3856 -1.1644 TD
[(se)26.8(v)13.4(e)0(n)-214.1(kinds)-200.8(of)-187.4(nodes.)-307.8(F)13.4(our)-187.4(of)-200.8(these)-187.4(accessors,)-214.1(namely)66.9(,)]TJ
/F1 1 Tf
21.6493 0 TD
(dm)Tj
/TT13 1 Tf
1.2134 0 TD
(:parent)Tj
/TT8 1 Tf
4.2007 0 TD
(,)Tj
/F1 1 Tf
-27.0634 -1.1643 TD
(dm)Tj
/TT13 1 Tf
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(:string-value)Tj
/TT8 1 Tf
7.8013 0 TD
(,)Tj
/F1 1 Tf
0.424 0 TD
(dm)Tj
/TT13 1 Tf
1.2134 0 TD
(:typed-value)Tj
/TT8 1 Tf
7.2012 0 TD
[(,)-160.6(and)]TJ
/F1 1 Tf
2.0552 0 TD
(dm)Tj
/TT13 1 Tf
1.2134 0 TD
(:children)Tj
/TT8 1 Tf
5.4009 0 TD
(,)Tj
-26.5226 -1.1643 TD
[(w)13.4(ould)-294.4(need)-294.4(to)-281.1(be)-281.1(e)13.4(xtended)-307.8(to)-281.1(tak)13.4(e)-281(a)-281.1(color)-281(into)-294.4(account.)-401.5(Their)-281(sig-)]TJ
0 -1.1777 TD
[(natures)-267.7(are)-254.3(gi)26.8(v)13.4(e)0(n)-281.1(i)0(n)-254.3(Figure)-254.3(4.)-321.2(If)-254.3(the)-254.3(node)-281(on)-254.3(which)-267.7(these)-267.7(accessors)]TJ
0 -1.1644 TD
[(are)-294.4(called)-281.1(does)-294.4(not)-294.4(ha)13.4(v)13.4(e)-281(the)-294.4(color)-281.1(that)-294.4(is)-267.7(passed)-307.8(as)-281.1(an)-294.4(ar)13.4(gument)-294.4(to)]TJ
T*
[(the)-334.6(accessor)40.2(,)-361.4(a)0(n)-334.6(empty)-348(sequence)-348(is)-334.6(returned.)-562.1(Otherwise)-334.6(the)-334.6(node)]TJ
T*
[(and)-348(the)-348(accessor)-348(are)-334.6(said)-334.6(to)-334.6(be)]TJ
/TT11 1 Tf
13.0011 0 TD
[(color)-348(compatible)]TJ
/TT8 1 Tf
6.9022 0 TD
[(,)-361.3(and)-348(the)-334.6(desired)]TJ
-19.9033 -1.1643 TD
[(result)-254.3(is)-254.3(returned)-254.3(from)-254.3(the)-254.3(appropriate)-267.7(colored)-267.7(tree.)]TJ
1.0037 -1.1644 TD
[(The)-240.9(other)-254.3(six)-240.9(accessors)-254.3(de)]TJ
/TT9 1 Tf
10.4865 0 TD
(о)Tj
/TT8 1 Tf
0.5562 0 TD
[(ned)-254.3(in)-240.9(the)-240.9(XML)-240.9(data)-240.9(model,)-254.3(namely)66.9(,)]TJ
/F1 1 Tf
-12.0464 -1.1777 TD
(dm)Tj
/TT13 1 Tf
1.2134 0 TD
(:base-uri)Tj
/TT8 1 Tf
5.4009 0 TD
(,)Tj
/F1 1 Tf
0.424 0 TD
(dm)Tj
/TT13 1 Tf
1.2134 0 TD
(:node-kind)Tj
/TT8 1 Tf
6.001 0 TD
(,)Tj
/F1 1 Tf
0.424 0 TD
(dm)Tj
/TT13 1 Tf
1.2134 0 TD
(:node-name)Tj
/TT8 1 Tf
6.001 0 TD
(,)Tj
/F1 1 Tf
0.424 0 TD
(dm)Tj
/TT13 1 Tf
1.2134 0 TD
(:type)Tj
/TT8 1 Tf
3.0005 0 TD
(,)Tj
/F1 1 Tf
-26.5288 -1.1643 TD
(dm)Tj
/TT13 1 Tf
1.2134 0 TD
(:attributes)Tj
/TT8 1 Tf
6.6011 0 TD
[(,)-214.1(and)]TJ
/F1 1 Tf
2.1489 0 TD
(dm)Tj
/TT13 1 Tf
1.2134 0 TD
(:namespaces)Tj
/TT8 1 Tf
6.6011 0 TD
[(,)-214.1(are)-240.9(not)-240.9(in)]TJ
/TT9 1 Tf
4.2223 0 TD
(п)Tj
/TT8 1 Tf
0.5562 0 TD
[(uenced)-254.3(by)]TJ
-22.5562 -1.1644 TD
[(the)-281.1(color)-267.7(of)-281(the)-267.7(node,)-294.4(and)-281(continue)-281(to)-267.7(ha)13.4(v)13.4(e)-281(the)-267.7(same)-281.1(signature)-281(and)]TJ
T*
[(meaning)-267.7(as)-254.3(in)-254.3(the)-254.3(XML)-254.3(data)-254.3(model.)]TJ
1.0037 -1.1644 TD
[(In)-240.9(addition,)-240.9(a)-227.5(n)0(e)26.8(w)-240.9(accessor)-240.9(needs)-254.3(to)-227.5(be)-240.9(de)]TJ
/TT9 1 Tf
16.6864 0 TD
(о)Tj
/TT8 1 Tf
0.5562 0 TD
[(ned)-240.9(on)-240.9(all)-227.5(node)-254.3(kinds)]TJ
-18.2463 -1.1643 TD
[(to)-254.3(determine)-267.7(the)-254.3(colors)-254.3(of)-254.3(a)-254.3(g)0(i)26.8(v)13.4(en)-254.3(node:)]TJ
/F1 1 Tf
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 68.16 163.98 Tm
(dm)Tj
/TT13 1 Tf
1.2151 0 TD
[(:colors\($n)-572.1(as)-587.2(Node\))-602.3(as)-587.2(xs:string+)]TJ
/TT6 1 Tf
11.9552 0 0 11.9552 53.76 143.7 Tm
[(3.3)-993.7(Node)-261(Constructors)]TJ
/TT8 1 Tf
8.9664 0 0 8.9664 62.76 130.74 Tm
[(In)-254.3(the)-254.3(XML)-254.3(data)-254.3(model,)-254.3(each)-267.7(node)-267.7(kind)-254.3(de)]TJ
/TT9 1 Tf
17.25 0 TD
(о)Tj
/TT8 1 Tf
0.5562 0 TD
[(nes)-267.7(its)-240.9(constructors,)]TJ
-18.8099 -1.1777 TD
[(which)-240.9(al)13.4(w)13.4(ays)-254.3(return)-240.9(a)-227.5(n)0(e)26.8(w)-240.9(node)-254.3(with)-240.9(unique)-240.9(identity)66.9(.)-307.8(This)-240.9(is)-227.5(feasi-)]TJ
0 -1.1644 TD
[(ble)-254.3(since)-240.9(the)-254.3(nodes)-254.3(can)-254.3(be)-240.9(constructed)-267.7(iterati)26.8(v)13.4(ely)66.9(,)-240.9(i)0(n)-240.9(a)-240.9(bottom-up)]TJ
T*
[(f)13.4(ashion)-294.4(in)-281.1(the)-294.4(XML)-267.7(tree.)-401.5(In)-281.1(our)-281(MCT)-281.1(data)-294.4(model,)-281(it)-281.1(is)-267.7(not)-294.4(al)13.4(w)13.4(ays)]TJ
ET
q
95.64 0 0 -0.48 53.748 94.488 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
5.9776 0 0 5.9776 54.72 87.42 Tm
(1)Tj
8.9664 0 0 8.9664 58.32 83.58 Tm
[(W)80.3(e)-254.3(use)-281.1(the)-267.7(con)40.2(v)13.4(ention)]TJ
/T4 1 Tf
0.12 0 0 -0.12 142.0297 83.58 Tm
()Tj
/T7 1 Tf
30 0 TD
(n)Tj
/T6 1 Tf
43.4189 7.9999 TD
(p)Tj
/T7 1 Tf
37.0001 -7.9999 TD
13 Tc
( n)Tj
/T6 1 Tf
79.9999 7.9999 TD
0 Tc
(p)Tj
/T7 1 Tf
36 -7.9999 TD
13 Tc
( n)Tj
/T4 1 Tf
80 0 TD
0 Tc
()Tj
/TT8 1 Tf
8.9664 0 0 8.9664 184.8 83.58 Tm
[(to)-267.7(identify)-267.7(node)]TJ
/T7 1 Tf
0.12 0 0 -0.12 244.4122 83.58 Tm
(n)Tj
/TT8 1 Tf
8.9664 0 0 8.9664 252.4522 83.58 Tm
[(with)-254.3(parent)]TJ
/T7 1 Tf
0.12 0 0 -0.12 53.76 74.58 Tm
(n)Tj
/T6 1 Tf
45.9999 7.9999 TD
(p)Tj
/TT8 1 Tf
8.9664 0 0 8.9664 63.72 74.58 Tm
[(,)-240.9(and)-267.7(no)-254.3(left)-240.9(sibling.)]TJ
28.2254 72.899 TD
[(possible)-361.4(to)-361.4(construct)-361.4(a)-361.3(node)-374.7(only)-361.4(after)-348(all)-348(its)-348(children)-361.4(in)]TJ
/TT11 1 Tf
23.6649 0 TD
[(eac)13.4(h)]TJ
/TT8 1 Tf
2.2357 0 TD
(of)Tj
-25.9005 -1.1777 TD
[(its)-240.9(colors)-240.9(ha)13.4(v)13.4(e)-254.3(been)-254.3(constructed,)-254.3(e.g.,)]TJ
/TT13 1 Tf
15.1761 0 TD
(element)Tj
/TT8 1 Tf
4.4148 0 TD
(node)Tj
/T7 1 Tf
0.12 0 0 -0.12 512.1685 717.66 Tm
(n)Tj
/T10 1 Tf
42.9292 7.9995 TD
( )Tj
/TT8 1 Tf
8.9664 0 0 8.9664 523.68 717.66 Tm
[(may)-254.3(be)-240.9(a)]TJ
-23.0729 -1.1644 TD
[(child)-254.3(of)]TJ
/TT13 1 Tf
3.3411 0 TD
(element)Tj
/TT8 1 Tf
4.4416 0 TD
(node)Tj
/T7 1 Tf
0.12 0 0 -0.12 406.4116 707.22 Tm
(n)Tj
/T10 1 Tf
45.2363 8 TD
()Tj
/TT8 1 Tf
8.9664 0 0 8.9664 418.32 707.22 Tm
[(in)-254.3(one)-267.7(color)40.1(,)-254.3(b)13.4(ut)-254.3(a)-254.3(parent)-254.3(in)-254.3(a)-254.3(dif)26.8(ferent)]TJ
-11.3223 -1.1643 TD
[(color)53.5(.)-307.8(T)80.3(o)-240.9(e)0(f)26.8(fecti)26.8(v)13.4(ely)-254.3(permit)-240.9(the)-240.9(construction)-254.3(of)-240.9(multi-colored)-254.3(trees,)]TJ
T*
[(we)-254.3(de)]TJ
/TT9 1 Tf
2.3641 0 TD
(о)Tj
/TT8 1 Tf
0.5562 0 TD
[(ne)-254.3(tw)13.4(o)-254.3(dif)26.8(ferent)-254.3(types)-267.7(of)-254.3(constructors)-267.7(for)-240.9(each)-267.7(node)-267.7(kind.)]TJ
/T3 1 Tf
0.12 0 0 -0.12 330.12 666.3 Tm
( )Tj
/TT11 1 Tf
8.9664 0 0 8.9664 339.24 666.3 Tm
[(F)40.1(i)0(r)13.4(st-color)]TJ
/TT8 1 Tf
4.5493 0 TD
[(node)-200.8(constructors)-214.1(are)-187.4(lik)13.4(e)-187.4(constructors)-214.1(in)-187.4(the)-200.7(XML)]TJ
-4.5493 -1.1644 TD
[(data)-240.9(model,)-254.3(e)13.4(xcept)-254.3(that)-240.9(the)13.4(y)-240.9(are)-240.9(e)13.4(xtended)-267.7(to)-240.9(tak)13.4(e)-254.3(a)-240.9(color)-240.9(into)]TJ
T*
[(account,)-267.7(and)-254.3(return)-254.3(a)-254.3(n)0(e)26.8(w)-254.3(node)-267.7(with)-254.3(unique)-267.7(identity)66.9(.)]TJ
/T3 1 Tf
0.12 0 0 -0.12 330.12 627.3 Tm
( )Tj
/TT11 1 Tf
8.9664 0 0 8.9664 339.24 627.3 Tm
[(Ne)13.4(xt-color)]TJ
/TT8 1 Tf
4.6377 0 TD
[(node)-374.7(constructors)-374.7(tak)13.4(e)-374.7(a)-361.3(pre)26.8(viously)-374.7(constructed)]TJ
-4.6377 -1.1643 TD
[(node,)-254.3(and)-254.3(add)-267.7(a)-240.9(color)-254.3(and)-254.3(the)-254.3(tree)-240.9(relationships)-254.3(in)-254.3(that)-240.9(color;)]TJ
T*
[(the)-254.3(same)-254.3(node)-267.7(is)-254.3(returned.)]TJ
-1.4989 -2.235 TD
[(Example)-321.2(constructor)-334.6(signatures)-321.2(for)-321.2(the)]TJ
/TT13 1 Tf
16.1145 0 TD
(element)Tj
/TT8 1 Tf
4.5085 0 TD
[(node)-321.2(are)-321.2(de-)]TJ
-21.6268 -1.1643 TD
[(picted)-334.6(in)-334.6(Figure)-321.2(5.)-548.7(Note)-334.6(that)-334.6(the)-321.2(signature)-348(of)-334.6(the)-321.2(ne)13.4(xt-color)-348(con-)]TJ
T*
[(structor)-227.5(is)-227.5(some)26.8(what)-240.9(smaller)-227.5(than)-240.9(that)-227.5(of)-227.5(the)]TJ
/TT9 1 Tf
17.8157 0 TD
(о)Tj
/TT8 1 Tf
0.5561 0 TD
[(rst-color)-227.5(constructor)40.1(,)]TJ
-18.3719 -1.1643 TD
[(since)-374.7(one)-374.7(does)-388.1(not)-361.3(need)-388.1(to)-361.3(repeat)-374.7(some)-374.7(of)-374.7(its)-361.4(properties,)-401.5(and)-374.7(its)]TJ
/TT13 1 Tf
0 -1.1777 TD
(attribute)Tj
/TT8 1 Tf
5.6284 0 TD
(and)Tj
/TT13 1 Tf
1.7115 0 TD
(namespace)Tj
/TT8 1 Tf
5.6284 0 TD
(nodes.)Tj
-11.9646 -1.1643 TD
[(The)-321.2(MCT)-307.8(logical)-321.2(data)-334.6(model)-321.2(de)]TJ
/TT9 1 Tf
13.1578 0 TD
(о)Tj
/TT8 1 Tf
0.5562 0 TD
[(nes)-334.6(allo)26.8(w)13.4(able)-321.2(syntactic)-321.2(struc-)]TJ
-14.7177 -1.1643 TD
[(tures.)-575.5(The)]TJ
/TT11 1 Tf
4.6586 0 TD
(semantics)Tj
/TT8 1 Tf
4.2918 0 TD
[(of)-348(the)-334.6(database)-361.3(are)-334.6(captured)-361.4(by)-348(its)-334.6(schema.)]TJ
-8.9504 -1.1644 TD
[(The)-267.7(XML)-267.7(schema)-281(language)-294.4(proposed)-294.4(by)-281.1(the)-267.7(W3C)-254.3(deals)-281.1(with)-267.7(both)]TJ
T*
[(structure)-200.7([27])-187.4(and)-214.1(datatypes)-200.7([6].)-281.1(While)-187.4(we)-200.7(brie)]TJ
/TT9 1 Tf
18.437 0 TD
(п)Tj
/TT8 1 Tf
0.5562 0 TD
[(y)-187.4(use)-200.8(MCT)-187.4(schemas)]TJ
-18.9932 -1.1643 TD
[(in)-414.9(Section)-414.9(5,)-441.7(formally)-414.9(e)13.4(xtending)-441.7(XML)-401.5(schema)-428.3(to)-414.9(multi-colored)]TJ
0 -1.1777 TD
[(trees)-254.3(is)-240.9(an)-267.7(interesting)-254.3(direction)-254.3(of)-254.3(future)-254.3(w)13.4(ork.)]TJ
/TT6 1 Tf
11.9552 0 0 11.9552 316.8 463.14 Tm
[(3.4)-993.7(Shallo)10(w)-250.9(and)-250.9(Deep)]TJ
/TT8 1 Tf
8.9664 0 0 8.9664 325.8 450.18 Tm
[(W)80.3(e)-281.1(conclude)-321.2(this)-294.4(section)-307.8(by)-294.4(characterizing)-307.8(the)-307.8(intuiti)26.8(v)13.4(e)-294.4(notions)]TJ
-1.0037 -1.1643 TD
[(of)-254.3(shallo)26.8(w)-254.3(and)-267.7(deep)-267.7(XML)-240.9(trees)-254.3(the)-254.3(we)-254.3(ha)13.4(v)13.4(e)-254.3(used)-267.7(in)-240.9(our)-267.7(e)13.4(xamples.)]TJ
1.0037 -1.1777 TD
[(W)80.3(e)-307.8(call)-321.2(an)-321.2(XML)-321.2(schema)]TJ
/TT11 1 Tf
10.5213 0 TD
(shallow)Tj
/TT8 1 Tf
3.433 0 TD
[(pro)13.4(vided)-334.6(it)-321.2(is)-307.8(in)-321.2(XNF)80.3(,)-307.8(a)0(s)-321.2(de-)]TJ
/TT9 1 Tf
-14.9581 -1.1643 TD
(о)Tj
/TT8 1 Tf
0.5562 0 TD
[(ned)-254.3(in)-254.3([3].)-307.8(More)-267.7(precisely)66.9(,)]TJ
0.5814 -2.2216 TD
(D)Tj
7.1731 0 0 7.1731 333.9552 398.82 Tm
0.0669 Tc
[(EF)66.9(INITION)]TJ
8.9664 0 0 8.9664 377.5744 398.82 Tm
0 Tc
(3.3.)Tj
/TT6 1 Tf
2.0086 0 TD
[([Shallo)13.4(w)53.5(,)-374.7(Deep)-374.7(Schemas])]TJ
/TT11 1 Tf
11.9743 0 TD
(Let)Tj
/T4 1 Tf
0.12 0 0 -0.12 517.6478 398.82 Tm
()Tj
/T7 1 Tf
30 0 TD
2 Tc
[(D )-10999.5(F)]TJ
/T4 1 Tf
158.9995 0 TD
0 Tc
()Tj
/TT11 1 Tf
8.9664 0 0 8.9664 547.1678 398.82 Tm
(be)Tj
-25.6924 -1.1644 TD
[(a)-321.2(s)0(c)13.4(hema,)-334.6(wher)40.1(e)]TJ
/T7 1 Tf
0.12 0 0 -0.12 380.4876 388.38 Tm
(D)Tj
/TT11 1 Tf
8.9664 0 0 8.9664 391.1676 388.38 Tm
[(is)-307.8(a)-321.2(DTD)-294.4(and)]TJ
/T7 1 Tf
0.12 0 0 -0.12 444.178 388.38 Tm
(F)Tj
/TT11 1 Tf
8.9664 0 0 8.9664 454.138 388.38 Tm
[(is)-307.8(a)-321.2(set)-307.8(of)-307.8(functional)-321.2(depen-)]TJ
-15.317 -1.1777 TD
[(dencies.)-709.3(Then,)]TJ
/T4 1 Tf
0.12 0 0 -0.12 376.1819 377.82 Tm
()Tj
/T7 1 Tf
30 0 TD
2 Tc
[(D )-11000(F)]TJ
/T4 1 Tf
159 0 TD
0 Tc
()Tj
/TT11 1 Tf
8.9664 0 0 8.9664 405.822 377.82 Tm
(is)Tj
/TT8 1 Tf
1.0551 0 TD
[(shallo)26.8(w)]TJ
/TT11 1 Tf
3.4722 0 TD
[(pr)40.1(o)13.4(vided)-388.1(for)-388.1(e)13.4(very)-388.1(non-trivial)]TJ
-14.4557 -1.1644 TD
[(functional)-348(dependency)]TJ
/T7 1 Tf
0.12 0 0 -0.12 401.9547 367.38 Tm
(S)Tj
/T3 1 Tf
84 0 TD
()Tj
/T7 1 Tf
110 0 TD
-0.0002 Tc
(p)Tj
/T4 1 Tf
60 0 TD
0 Tc
()Tj
/T7 1 Tf
59.9998 0 TD
0.0001 Tc
(attr)Tj
/TT11 1 Tf
8.9664 0 0 8.9664 458.4747 367.38 Tm
0 Tc
(or)Tj
/T7 1 Tf
0.12 0 0 -0.12 469.4473 367.38 Tm
(S)Tj
/T3 1 Tf
85.0002 0 TD
()Tj
/T7 1 Tf
110 0 TD
-0.0001 Tc
(pcontent)Tj
/TT11 1 Tf
8.9664 0 0 8.9664 533.5273 367.38 Tm
0 Tc
[(that)-334.6(is)]TJ
-24.1711 -1.1643 TD
[(implied)-321.2(by)]TJ
/T4 1 Tf
0.12 0 0 -0.12 357.9176 356.94 Tm
()Tj
/T7 1 Tf
30.0002 0 TD
2 Tc
[(D )-11000(F)]TJ
/T4 1 Tf
159 0 TD
0 Tc
()Tj
/TT11 1 Tf
8.9664 0 0 8.9664 384.1976 356.94 Tm
[(,)-321.2(the)-321.2(functional)-321.2(dependency)]TJ
/T7 1 Tf
0.12 0 0 -0.12 487.828 356.94 Tm
(S)Tj
/T3 1 Tf
81.9998 0 TD
()Tj
/T7 1 Tf
107 0 TD
(p)Tj
/TT11 1 Tf
8.9664 0 0 8.9664 517.948 356.94 Tm
[(is)-307.8(also)-321.2(im-)]TJ
-22.4336 -1.1644 TD
[(plied)-254.3(by)]TJ
/T4 1 Tf
0.12 0 0 -0.12 347.7513 346.5 Tm
()Tj
/T7 1 Tf
29.9998 0 TD
2.0002 Tc
[(D )-11999.6(F)]TJ
/T4 1 Tf
160.0002 0 TD
0 Tc
()Tj
/TT11 1 Tf
8.9664 0 0 8.9664 374.1513 346.5 Tm
[(,)-240.9(wher)40.2(e)]TJ
/T7 1 Tf
0.12 0 0 -0.12 402.3853 346.5 Tm
(p)Tj
/TT11 1 Tf
8.9664 0 0 8.9664 409.3453 346.5 Tm
[(is)-240.9(any)-267.7(DTD)-240.9(path)-254.3(fr)40.1(om)-254.3(the)-254.3(r)40.2(oot.)]TJ
/T4 1 Tf
0.12 0 0 -0.12 325.8 336.06 Tm
()Tj
/T7 1 Tf
30 0 TD
2.0002 Tc
[(D )-10999.8(F)]TJ
/T4 1 Tf
159.0002 0 TD
0 Tc
()Tj
/TT11 1 Tf
8.9664 0 0 8.9664 354.36 336.06 Tm
[(is)-240.9(said)-254.3(to)-254.3(be)]TJ
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T*
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T*
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[(hierarchy\),)-374.7(green)-348(\(because)-348(of)-348(their)-334.6(partic-)]TJ
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[(nodes)-294.4(in)-267.7(the)-281.1(result,)-281(are)]TJ
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[(in)-307.8(the)]TJ
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[(hierarchy)-214.1(has)-227.5(only)-214.1(one)-227.5(child)-214.1(element)-227.5(named)]TJ
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T*
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T*
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T*
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[(we)-294.4(need)-307.8(to)-294.4(de)26.8(v)13.4(elop)-321.2(a)-294.4(\(serialized\))-294.4(XML)-294.4(representation)-307.8(of)-294.4(an)-307.8(MCT)]TJ
T*
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T*
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/Im1 Do
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Q
BT
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h
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S
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-3.2678 -1.1644 TD
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[(element.)-294.4(The)-227.5()]TJ
/T4 1 Tf
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( )Tj
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[()-214.1(accounts)-240.9(for)-214.1(the)-214.1(inclusion)-227.5(of)-214.1(color)]TJ
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()Tj
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( )Tj
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8.9664 0 0 8.9664 228.1806 440.22 Tm
0 Tc
[()-240.9(accounts)-254.3(for)-240.9(set-)]TJ
-19.4527 -1.1644 TD
[(ting)-294.4(up)-294.4(the)-281(parent)-294.4(pointer)-294.4(\(as)-281.1(an)-294.4(ID/IDREF\))-254.3(for)-294.4(a)]TJ
/TT13 1 Tf
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(movie)Tj
/TT8 1 Tf
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(element)Tj
-23.5155 -1.1643 TD
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T*
[(imal)-267.7(cost,)-267.7(among)-281(possible)-281(primary)-281(color)-267.7(choices)-281(for)-267.7(each)-281(element,)]TJ
0 -1.1777 TD
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0 -1.1644 TD
[(dynamic)-267.7(programming)-281(approach.)]TJ
/TT6 1 Tf
11.9552 0 0 11.9552 53.76 370.02 Tm
[(5.3)-993.7(Optimal)-250.9(Serialization)]TJ
/TT8 1 Tf
8.9664 0 0 8.9664 62.76 357.06 Tm
[(In)-348(this)-334.6(paper)40.2(,)-361.4(w)0(e)-348(consider)-348(only)-348(serializations)-348(where)-348(one)-348(of)-348(the)]TJ
-1.0037 -1.1643 TD
[(colors)-348(present)-348(in)-334.6(the)-334.6(original)-334.6(MCT)-334.6(database)-348(is)-334.6(chosen)-361.4(as)-334.6(the)-334.6(pri-)]TJ
T*
[(mary)-227.5(color)-214.1(for)-227.5(an)13.4(y)-214.1(element.)-307.8(Furthermore,)-227.5(we)-214.1(assume)-227.5(for)-214.1(simplicity)]TJ
T*
[(that)-294.4(elements)-281.1(that)-294.4(are)-281(multi-colored)-294.4(are)-281.1(not)-294.4(in)40.1(v)13.4(olv)13.4(ed)-294.4(in)-281(an)13.4(y)-294.4(c)13.4(ycles)]TJ
0 -1.1777 TD
[(in)-294.4(the)-294.4(schema,)-307.8(and)-294.4(that)-294.4(for)-281(each)-307.8(multi-colored)-294.4(element)-294.4(type,)-294.4(there)]TJ
0 -1.1643 TD
[(is)-267.7(only)-267.7(one)-281(production)-281(in)-267.7(its)-254.3(schema)-281.1(grammar)53.5(.)-348(E)0(v)13.4(e)0(n)-267.7(then,)-267.7(deter)13.4(-)]TJ
T*
[(mining)-307.8(the)-281(optimal)-294.4(serialization)-294.4(is)-281.1(non-tri)26.8(vial.)-441.6(The)-281(optimal)-294.4(serial-)]TJ
T*
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T*
(function)Tj
/T7 1 Tf
0.12 0 0 -0.12 86.7606 273.42 Tm
0.0001 Tc
[(q)-3000(u)0.2(ant)]TJ
/T4 1 Tf
196.0001 0 TD
0 Tc
()Tj
/T7 1 Tf
29.9999 0 TD
[(m )-13000(shade)]TJ
/T4 1 Tf
299.0001 0 TD
()Tj
/TT8 1 Tf
8.9664 0 0 8.9664 156.2406 273.42 Tm
[(that)-334.6(for)-348(an)-334.6(element)-348(type)]TJ
/T7 1 Tf
0.12 0 0 -0.12 247.7798 273.42 Tm
(m)Tj
/TT8 1 Tf
8.9664 0 0 8.9664 258.8198 273.42 Tm
[(and)-348(color)]TJ
/T7 1 Tf
0.12 0 0 -0.12 53.76 262.98 Tm
(shade)Tj
/TT8 1 Tf
8.9664 0 0 8.9664 77.4 262.98 Tm
[(,)-240.9(returns)-240.9(the)-254.3(a)13.4(v)13.4(erage)-254.3(number)-254.3(of)-254.3(children)-254.3(of)-240.9(type)]TJ
/T7 1 Tf
0.12 0 0 -0.12 250.427 262.98 Tm
(m)Tj
/TT8 1 Tf
8.9664 0 0 8.9664 260.747 262.98 Tm
[(for)-240.9(an)-254.3(el-)]TJ
-23.0848 -1.1777 TD
[(ement)-240.9(corresponding)-267.7(to)]TJ
/T7 1 Tf
0.12 0 0 -0.12 140.6564 252.42 Tm
(m)Tj
/TT8 1 Tf
8.9664 0 0 8.9664 148.8164 252.42 Tm
[()53.5(s)-227.5(parent)-240.9(type)-240.9(in)-227.5(the)-240.9(hierarchy)-240.9(with)-227.5(color)]TJ
/T7 1 Tf
0.12 0 0 -0.12 53.76 241.98 Tm
(shade)Tj
/TT8 1 Tf
8.9664 0 0 8.9664 77.4 241.98 Tm
[(.)-722.7(F)13.4(or)-374.7(e)13.4(xample,)]TJ
/T7 1 Tf
0.12 0 0 -0.12 138.2699 241.98 Tm
-0.0001 Tc
[(q)-3000(u)-0.2(ant)]TJ
/T4 1 Tf
195.9999 0 TD
0 Tc
()Tj
/TT13 1 Tf
8.9664 0 0 8.9664 165.3899 241.98 Tm
(movie-role)Tj
/T7 1 Tf
0.12 0 0 -0.12 218.9569 241.98 Tm
13.0001 Tc
[( r)11000.2(e)13000.1(d)]TJ
/T4 1 Tf
147.0001 0 TD
0 Tc
()Tj
69.9999 0 TD
()Tj
101 0 TD
( )Tj
/TT8 1 Tf
8.9664 0 0 8.9664 269.8369 241.98 Tm
(means)Tj
-24.0986 -1.1644 TD
[(on)-281.1(an)-281.1(a)13.4(v)13.4(erage,)-281(a)]TJ
/TT13 1 Tf
6.8301 0 TD
(movie)Tj
/TT8 1 Tf
3.2682 0 TD
[(has)-267.7(10)]TJ
/TT13 1 Tf
2.8817 0 TD
(movie-role)Tj
/TT8 1 Tf
6.001 0 TD
[(s.)-348(The)-281(serialization)]TJ
-18.981 -1.1644 TD
[(scheme)-374.7(itself)-334.6(can)-361.4(be)-361.4(obtained)-361.4(by)-361.4(running)-374.7(the)-348(algorithm)-361.3(and)-361.3(then)]TJ
T*
[(associating)-414.9(with)-401.5(each)-401.5(element)-414.9(of)-401.5(a)-401.5(g)0(i)26.8(v)13.4(en)-401.5(type,)-441.7(the)-401.5(best)-401.5(primary)]TJ
0 -1.1777 TD
[(color)-307.8(choice)-321.2(found)-307.8(by)-307.8(the)-307.8(algorithm,)-307.8(and)-321.2(then)-307.8(follo)26.8(wing)-307.8(the)-294.4(ideas)]TJ
0 -1.1644 TD
[(described)-321.2(earlier)-307.8(re)13.4(garding)-321.2(setting)-307.8(up)-307.8(of)-307.8(parent)-321.2(pointers)-321.2(and)-307.8(color)]TJ
T*
[(attrib)13.4(ute)-254.3(v)26.8(alues)-254.3(for)-254.3(v)26.8(arious)-267.7(nodes.)]TJ
1.0037 -1.1644 TD
[(Finally)66.9(,)-227.5(recall)-227.5(so)-240.9(f)13.4(a)0(r)-227.5(w)0(e)-227.5(h)0(a)13.4(v)13.4(e)-240.9(assumed)-240.9(whene)26.8(v)13.4(e)0(r)-254.3(a)0(n)-227.5(element)-240.9(type)]TJ
-1.0037 -1.1643 TD
[(has)-307.8(multiple)-294.4(colors,)-307.8(all)-294.4(its)-281(instances)-307.8(will)-281(appear)-307.8(in)-294.4(each)-307.8(of)-294.4(its)-294.4(col-)]TJ
T*
[(ored)-348(hierarchies.)-575.5(This)-321.2(is)-334.6(not)-348(al)13.4(w)13.4(ays)-348(true;)-374.7(e.g.,)-348(some)]TJ
/TT13 1 Tf
21.8689 0 TD
(movie)Tj
/TT8 1 Tf
3.3217 0 TD
(ele-)Tj
-25.1906 -1.1777 TD
[(ments)-348(may)-334.6(not)-334.6(appear)-348(in)-334.6(the)-334.6(green)-334.6(hierarchy)-348(since)-334.6(the)13.4(y)-334.6(were)-334.6(not)]TJ
0 -1.1644 TD
[(nominated)-334.6(for)-321.2(an)-321.2(Oscar)53.5(.)-495.2(Our)-321.2(algorithm)-321.2(can)-321.2(be)-321.2(easily)-321.2(e)13.4(xtended)-334.6(to)]TJ
T*
[(this)-307.8(case)-321.2(by)-307.8(noting:)-441.6(\(i\))-294.4(the)-307.8(calculations)-321.2(and)-321.2(book-k)13.4(eeping)-348(used)-321.2(to)]TJ
T*
[(determine)-321.2(the)-321.2(best)-307.8(primary)-321.2(color)-307.8(choice,)-334.6(for)-307.8(an)-321.2(element)-321.2(type,)-321.2(can)]TJ
T*
[(be)-307.8(used)-321.2(to)-294.4(maintain)-307.8(a)-307.8(rank)13.4(ed)-321.2(set)-294.4(of)-307.8(color)-307.8(choices)-307.8(from)-307.8(best)-307.8(to)-307.8(the)]TJ
T*
[(w)13.4(orst,)-414.9(and)-388.1(\(ii\))-361.4(whene)26.8(v)13.4(e)0(r)-401.5(a)0(n)-388.1(actual)-374.7(element)-388.1(of)-374.7(a)-388.1(g)0(i)26.8(v)13.4(en)-388.1(type)-388.1(does)]TJ
0 -1.1777 TD
[(not)-374.7(appear)-388.1(in)-374.7(the)-374.7(current)-374.7(primary)-374.7(color)-374.7(choice)-388.1(for)-361.3(that)-374.7(type,)-401.5(use)]TJ
ET
q
235.32 0 0 -0.48 318.708 738.168 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
q
0.48 0 0 -348.6 318.708 737.808 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
/TT13 1 Tf
6.9738 0 0 6.9738 324 721.5 Tm
(Algorithm)Tj
0 -1.1357 TD
[(Input:)-1187.3(An)-602.2(MCT)-602.2(schema,)-567.8(together)-585(with)-602.2(stats)]TJ
0 -1.1529 TD
[(Output:)-1187.3(Optimal)-585(serialization)-567.8(scheme)]TJ
0 -1.1357 TD
[(for)-602.2(\(each)-585(color)]TJ
/T13 1 Tf
0.12 0 0 -0.12 390.7649 697.62 Tm
(c)Tj
/TT13 1 Tf
6.9738 0 0 6.9738 394.3649 697.62 Tm
(\))Tj
/T14 1 Tf
0.12 0 0 -0.12 402.7499 697.62 Tm
(f)Tj
/TT13 1 Tf
6.9738 0 0 6.9738 332.4 689.5801 Tm
[(identify,)-585(proceeding)-567.8(top-down,)-585(the)]TJ
T*
[(multi-colored)-567.8(element)-585(types;)]TJ
T*
[(for)-602.2(\(each)-585(such)-585(element)-585(type)]TJ
/T13 1 Tf
0.12 0 0 -0.12 449.2948 673.7401 Tm
(m)Tj
/TT13 1 Tf
6.9738 0 0 6.9738 456.3748 673.7401 Tm
(\))Tj
/T14 1 Tf
0.12 0 0 -0.12 464.6398 673.7401 Tm
(f)Tj
/TT13 1 Tf
6.9738 0 0 6.9738 340.8 665.7001 Tm
(find)Tj
/T13 1 Tf
0.12 0 0 -0.12 361.62 665.7001 Tm
(cost)Tj
/T15 1 Tf
119 0 TD
( )Tj
/T13 1 Tf
26 0 TD
[(m )-11000(shade)]TJ
/T15 1 Tf
262 0 TD
()Tj
/TT13 1 Tf
6.9738 0 0 6.9738 413.58 665.7001 Tm
(,)Tj
/T14 1 Tf
0.12 0 0 -0.12 421.965 665.7001 Tm
( )Tj
/T13 1 Tf
38 0 TD
(shade)Tj
/T14 1 Tf
191 0 TD
()Tj
/T13 1 Tf
62.9998 0 TD
[(mcolor)-2000.2(s)]TJ
/TT13 1 Tf
6.9738 0 0 6.9738 492.285 665.7001 Tm
(;)Tj
-21.7219 -1.1357 TD
[(pick)-585(the)]TJ
/T13 1 Tf
0.12 0 0 -0.12 378.3749 657.78 Tm
(shade)Tj
/TT13 1 Tf
6.9738 0 0 6.9738 403.2149 657.78 Tm
[(with)-585(the)-602.2(least)-585(cost;)]TJ
/T14 1 Tf
0.12 0 0 -0.12 490.7998 657.78 Tm
(gg)Tj
/TT13 1 Tf
6.9738 0 0 6.9738 324 649.7401 Tm
[(end)-602.2(Algorithm)]TJ
0 -2.2886 TD
(function)Tj
/T13 1 Tf
0.12 0 0 -0.12 361.5599 633.78 Tm
(cost)Tj
/T15 1 Tf
119 0 TD
( )Tj
/T13 1 Tf
26 0 TD
[(m )-11000.2(shade)]TJ
/T15 1 Tf
262 0 TD
()Tj
/TT13 1 Tf
6.9738 0 0 6.9738 413.5199 633.78 Tm
(;)Tj
-12.8365 -1.1357 TD
[(Input:)-1187.3(element)-585(type)]TJ
/T13 1 Tf
0.12 0 0 -0.12 411.7048 625.86 Tm
(m)Tj
/TT13 1 Tf
6.9738 0 0 6.9738 422.9849 625.86 Tm
[(and)-585(color)]TJ
/T13 1 Tf
0.12 0 0 -0.12 464.6248 625.86 Tm
0.0001 Tc
(shade)Tj
/TT13 1 Tf
6.9738 0 0 6.9738 485.2648 625.86 Tm
0 Tc
[(,)-602.2(one)-602.2(of)-585(its)]TJ
-21.9197 -1.1357 TD
[(legal)-585(primary)-585(color)-602.2(choices;)]TJ
-1.2045 -1.1529 TD
[(Output:)-1187.3(cost)-602.2(of)-585(choosing)]TJ
/T13 1 Tf
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(shade)Tj
/TT13 1 Tf
6.9738 0 0 6.9738 457.3648 609.9 Tm
(as)Tj
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(m)Tj
/TT13 1 Tf
6.9738 0 0 6.9738 477.0148 609.9 Tm
[(s)-585(primary)-585(color;)]TJ
-21.9412 -1.1357 TD
[(if)-602.2(\()]TJ
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(j)Tj
/T13 1 Tf
19.9998 0 TD
0.0001 Tc
[(mcolor)-1999.9(s)]TJ
/T14 1 Tf
260.0002 0 TD
0 Tc
(j)Tj
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37 0 TD
19 Tc
()Tj
/TT13 1 Tf
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0 Tc
(\))Tj
/T14 1 Tf
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(f)Tj
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6.9738 0 0 6.9738 332.4 593.9401 Tm
[(if)-602.2(\()]TJ
/T13 1 Tf
0.12 0 0 -0.12 349.155 593.9401 Tm
(m)Tj
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6.9738 0 0 6.9738 360.315 593.9401 Tm
[(is)-602.2(a)-602.3(leaf\))]TJ
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(f)Tj
/TT13 1 Tf
6.9738 0 0 6.9738 340.8 586.02 Tm
[(if)-602.3(\()]TJ
/T13 1 Tf
0.12 0 0 -0.12 357.555 586.02 Tm
(mcolor)Tj
/T15 1 Tf
246.0002 0 TD
()Tj
/T13 1 Tf
70 0 TD
-0.0001 Tc
(shade)Tj
/TT13 1 Tf
6.9738 0 0 6.9738 416.115 586.02 Tm
0 Tc
(\))Tj
/T13 1 Tf
0.12 0 0 -0.12 424.5 586.02 Tm
(cost)Tj
/T15 1 Tf
138.0002 0 TD
18.9998 Tc
()Tj
/TT13 1 Tf
6.9738 0 0 6.9738 453.42 586.02 Tm
0 Tc
(;)Tj
-16.1489 -1.1357 TD
[(else)-585(if)-602.2(\()]TJ
/T13 1 Tf
0.12 0 0 -0.12 378.3749 578.1 Tm
(m)Tj
/TT13 1 Tf
6.9738 0 0 6.9738 389.6549 578.1 Tm
[(is)-585(a)-602.2(child)-585(of)-602.2(a)-585(node)-602.2(whose)]TJ
-4.6137 -1.1529 TD
[(color)-602.2(includes)]TJ
/T13 1 Tf
0.12 0 0 -0.12 420.0449 570.0601 Tm
(shade)Tj
/TT13 1 Tf
6.9738 0 0 6.9738 440.6849 570.0601 Tm
(\))Tj
/T13 1 Tf
0.12 0 0 -0.12 349.2 562.14 Tm
(cost)Tj
/T15 1 Tf
137 0 TD
19 Tc
()Tj
/T14 1 Tf
119 0 TD
0 Tc
()Tj
/T13 1 Tf
67 0 TD
1.9998 Tc
[(qu)1999.6(a)2000(n)1999.6(t)]TJ
/T15 1 Tf
173 0 TD
0 Tc
( )Tj
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25.9998 0 TD
[(m )-11000(shade)]TJ
/T15 1 Tf
262 0 TD
()Tj
/TT13 1 Tf
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(;)Tj
-13.9378 -1.1529 TD
(else)Tj
/T13 1 Tf
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(cost)Tj
/T15 1 Tf
138 0 TD
19.0002 Tc
()Tj
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118 0 TD
0 Tc
()Tj
/T13 1 Tf
67 0 TD
0.0001 Tc
[(q)-1999.9(uant)]TJ
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173.0002 0 TD
0 Tc
( )Tj
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[(m )-11999.8(shade)]TJ
/T15 1 Tf
262.9998 0 TD
()Tj
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(;)Tj
-16.9404 -1.1357 TD
(return)Tj
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(cost)Tj
/TT13 1 Tf
6.9738 0 0 6.9738 392.67 546.1801 Tm
(;)Tj
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0.0002 Tc
(gg)Tj
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0 Tc
(cost)Tj
/T15 1 Tf
138 0 TD
19 Tc
()Tj
/T14 1 Tf
118 0 TD
0 Tc
()Tj
/T15 1 Tf
67.0002 0 TD
( )Tj
/T14 1 Tf
25.9998 0 TD
(j)Tj
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20 0 TD
0.0001 Tc
(mcolor)Tj
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229.0002 0 TD
12.9998 Tc
(j)Tj
/T15 1 Tf
100 0 TD
-0.0002 Tc
()Tj
/TT13 1 Tf
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0 Tc
(;)Tj
-14.2303 -1.1357 TD
[(//parent)-585(pointer)-585(setup)-585(cost)-602.2(for)-585.1(other)-602.3(colors;)]TJ
1.2045 -1.1357 TD
[(for)-602.2(\(each)-585(color)]TJ
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(c)Tj
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49 0 TD
()Tj
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63 0 TD
(mcolor)Tj
/TT13 1 Tf
6.9738 0 0 6.9738 440.0849 522.3 Tm
(\))Tj
/T14 1 Tf
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(f)Tj
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(let)Tj
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(m)Tj
/T14 1 Tf
78.0002 0 TD
()Tj
/T13 1 Tf
84.9998 0 TD
(e)Tj
ET
q
1.56 0 0 -0.48 380.988 517.728 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
/T16 1 Tf
0.12 0 0 -0.12 380.715 512.34 Tm
( )Tj
/T13 1 Tf
33.3755 -16 TD
10.9999 Tc
[( )11000.1()10999.9()10999.7( e)]TJ
ET
q
1.56 0 0 -0.48 403.308 517.728 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
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0.12 0 0 -0.12 403.08 512.34 Tm
0 Tc
(k)Tj
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6.9738 0 0 6.9738 411.6 514.26 Tm
(be)Tj
/T13 1 Tf
0.12 0 0 -0.12 424.17 514.26 Tm
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B
BT
7.5789 0 0 7.5789 428.4772 627.1688 Tm
(name)Tj
ET
0 1 1 0 K
0.379 w
397.049 685.536 m
405.337 637.53 l
S
0.502 0 0.502 0.498 K
475.793 685.536 m
464.05 635.458 l
S
0 0 0 0 k
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f*
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430.895 670.685 m
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S
BT
9 0 0 9 432.6217 667.5771 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
(@)Tj
ET
0 1 1 0 K
0.379 w
403.265 691.753 m
430.895 670.685 l
S
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S
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f*
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S
BT
9 0 0 9 431.9309 604.0291 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
(@)Tj
ET
0 1 1 0 K
0.379 w
411.209 629.241 m
429.859 606.792 l
S
0.502 0 0.502 0.498 K
457.834 629.241 m
441.256 606.792 l
S
BT
7.5789 0 0 7.5789 413.6263 587.106 Tm
(All About Eve)Tj
ET
0 1 1 0 K
411.209 629.241 m
421.915 592.977 l
S
0.502 0 0.502 0.498 K
457.834 629.241 m
448.509 592.977 l
S
BT
7.5789 0 0 7.5789 336.2635 585.0337 Tm
(Red Index)Tj
21.4633 0.0456 TD
(Green Index)Tj
ET
0 0 0 1 K
0 w
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S
396.703 630.623 m
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f*
495.479 596.431 m
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472.339 629.241 l
S
472.685 627.86 m
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f*
362.857 595.74 m
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388.76 691.753 l
S
388.414 693.134 m
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f*
349.042 595.74 m
349.042 724.908 l
349.733 726.29 l
350.078 726.635 l
372.182 726.635 l
S
371.837 728.017 m
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f*
509.294 596.431 m
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507.567 691.753 l
484.082 691.753 l
S
484.427 690.371 m
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484.427 690.371 l
f*
522.763 596.431 m
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522.418 726.29 l
521.727 726.635 l
497.551 726.635 l
S
497.897 725.254 m
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497.897 728.017 l
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f*
BT
/TT4 1 Tf
5.2105 0 0 5.2105 385.9967 718.6918 Tm
(\(red\))Tj
-0.1326 -7.2249 TD
(\(red\))Tj
2.7839 -11.8647 TD
(\(red\))Tj
12.9252 19.0232 TD
(\(green\))Tj
1.9885 -7.1586 TD
(\(green\))Tj
-3.5793 -11.8647 TD
(\(green\))Tj
ET
375.981 703.841 m
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Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 400.9895 677.22 Tm
(1.79)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 420.108 683.568 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 437.7372 677.22 Tm
(1.72)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 456.708 683.568 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 470.4049 677.22 Tm
(1.81)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 489.468 683.568 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 512.4326 677.22 Tm
(1)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 521.388 683.568 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 540.6577 677.22 Tm
(1)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 549.588 683.568 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
q
0.48 0 0 -9 322.668 674.568 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 328.32 668.34 Tm
(TQ7)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 357.828 674.568 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 378.8093 668.34 Tm
(58)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 392.028 674.568 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 400.9394 668.34 Tm
(0.02)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 420.108 674.568 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 437.6871 668.34 Tm
(0.01)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 456.708 674.568 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 462.4348 668.34 Tm
(112.25)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 489.468 674.568 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 512.4326 668.34 Tm
(1)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 521.388 674.568 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 540.6577 668.34 Tm
(1)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 549.588 674.568 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
q
0.48 0 0 -9 322.668 665.688 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 328.32 659.34 Tm
(TQ7D)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 357.828 665.688 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 366.925 659.34 Tm
(44929)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 392.028 665.688 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
q
0.48 0 0 -9 420.108 665.688 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
q
0.48 0 0 -9 456.708 665.688 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 470.3703 659.34 Tm
(2.79)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 489.468 665.688 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 512.398 659.34 Tm
(1)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 521.388 665.688 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 540.6231 659.34 Tm
(1)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 549.588 665.688 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
q
0.48 0 0 -9 322.668 656.688 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 328.32 650.34 Tm
(TQ8)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 357.828 656.688 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 382.8893 650.34 Tm
(1)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 392.028 656.688 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 400.9143 650.34 Tm
(0.35)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 420.108 656.688 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 437.662 650.34 Tm
(0.35)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 456.708 656.688 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 470.3297 650.34 Tm
(0.67)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 489.468 656.688 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 512.3574 650.34 Tm
(1)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 521.388 656.688 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 540.5825 650.34 Tm
(1)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 549.588 656.688 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
q
0.48 0 0 -9 322.668 647.688 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 328.32 641.46 Tm
(TQ9)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 357.828 647.688 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 370.8893 641.46 Tm
(5110)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 392.028 647.688 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 400.9895 641.46 Tm
(0.55)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 420.108 647.688 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 433.7772 641.46 Tm
(30.16)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 456.708 647.688 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 470.4299 641.46 Tm
(0.76)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 489.468 647.688 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 512.4576 641.46 Tm
(1)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 521.388 647.688 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 540.6827 641.46 Tm
(2)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 549.588 647.688 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
q
0.48 0 0 -9 322.668 638.688 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 328.32 632.46 Tm
(TQ10)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 357.828 638.688 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 378.8344 632.46 Tm
(90)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 392.028 638.688 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 400.9644 632.46 Tm
(6.61)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 420.108 638.688 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 437.7122 632.46 Tm
(8.96)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 456.708 638.688 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 470.3799 632.46 Tm
(0.71)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 489.468 638.688 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 512.4075 632.46 Tm
(2)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 521.388 638.688 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 540.6326 632.46 Tm
(2)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 549.588 638.688 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
q
0.48 0 0 -9 322.668 629.808 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 328.32 623.46 Tm
(TQ11)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 357.828 629.808 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 378.8344 623.46 Tm
(63)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 392.028 629.808 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 400.9644 623.46 Tm
(0.23)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 420.108 629.808 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 437.7122 623.46 Tm
(9.68)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 456.708 629.808 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 470.3799 623.46 Tm
(0.25)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 489.468 629.808 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 512.4075 623.46 Tm
(1)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 521.388 629.808 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 540.6326 623.46 Tm
(2)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 549.588 629.808 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
q
0.48 0 0 -9 322.668 620.808 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 328.32 614.46 Tm
(TQ12)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 357.828 620.808 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 382.9143 614.46 Tm
(1)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 392.028 620.808 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 400.9394 614.46 Tm
(0.01)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 420.108 620.808 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 437.6871 614.46 Tm
(0.01)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 456.708 620.808 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 470.3548 614.46 Tm
(0.54)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 489.468 620.808 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 512.3825 614.46 Tm
(1)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 521.388 620.808 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 540.6075 614.46 Tm
(1)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 549.588 620.808 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
q
0.48 0 0 -9 322.668 611.808 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 328.32 605.58 Tm
(TQ12D)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 357.828 611.808 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 382.9101 605.58 Tm
(3)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 392.028 611.808 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
q
0.48 0 0 -9 420.108 611.808 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
q
0.48 0 0 -9 456.708 611.808 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 470.2952 605.58 Tm
(0.54)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 489.468 611.808 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 512.3229 605.58 Tm
(1)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 521.388 611.808 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 540.5479 605.58 Tm
(1)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 549.588 611.808 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
q
0.48 0 0 -9 322.668 602.928 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 328.32 596.58 Tm
(TQ13)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 357.828 602.928 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 370.9143 596.58 Tm
(2893)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 392.028 602.928 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 401.0146 596.58 Tm
(0.11)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 420.108 602.928 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 437.7623 596.58 Tm
(2.36)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 456.708 602.928 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 470.43 596.58 Tm
(0.23)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 489.468 602.928 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 512.4576 596.58 Tm
(1)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 521.388 602.928 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 540.6827 596.58 Tm
(2)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 549.588 602.928 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
q
0.48 0 0 -9 322.668 593.928 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 328.32 587.58 Tm
(TQ14)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 357.828 593.928 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 374.8743 587.58 Tm
(253)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 392.028 593.928 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 400.9895 587.58 Tm
(0.09)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 420.108 593.928 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 437.7372 587.58 Tm
(2.29)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 456.708 593.928 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 470.4049 587.58 Tm
(0.25)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 489.468 593.928 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 512.4326 587.58 Tm
(1)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 521.388 593.928 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 540.6577 587.58 Tm
(2)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 549.588 593.928 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
q
0.48 0 0 -9 322.668 584.928 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 328.32 578.58 Tm
(TQ15)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 357.828 584.928 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 378.8344 578.58 Tm
(97)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 392.028 584.928 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 400.9644 578.58 Tm
(0.72)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 420.108 584.928 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 433.7521 578.58 Tm
(38.11)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 456.708 584.928 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 470.4049 578.58 Tm
(1.34)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 489.468 584.928 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 512.4326 578.58 Tm
(1)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 521.388 584.928 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 540.6577 578.58 Tm
(2)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 549.588 584.928 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
q
0.48 0 0 -9 322.668 575.928 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 328.32 569.7 Tm
(TQ16)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 357.828 575.928 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 378.8344 569.7 Tm
(92)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 392.028 575.928 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 400.9644 569.7 Tm
(0.40)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 420.108 575.928 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 433.7521 569.7 Tm
(20.09)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 456.708 575.928 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 466.4449 569.7 Tm
(34.61)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 489.468 575.928 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 512.4576 569.7 Tm
(1)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 521.388 575.928 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 540.6827 569.7 Tm
(2)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 549.588 575.928 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
q
0.48 0 0 -9 322.668 567.048 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 328.32 560.7 Tm
(TU1)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 357.828 567.048 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 382.8893 560.7 Tm
(1)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 392.028 567.048 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 400.9143 560.7 Tm
(0.01)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 420.108 567.048 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 437.662 560.7 Tm
(0.02)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 456.708 567.048 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
q
0.48 0 0 -9 489.468 567.048 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 512.3297 560.7 Tm
(1)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 521.388 567.048 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 540.5548 560.7 Tm
(1)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 549.588 567.048 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
q
0.48 0 0 -9 322.668 558.048 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 328.32 551.7 Tm
(TU1D)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 357.828 558.048 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 374.845 551.7 Tm
(335)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 392.028 558.048 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
q
0.48 0 0 -9 420.108 558.048 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
q
0.48 0 0 -9 456.708 558.048 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 470.3202 551.7 Tm
(3.18)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 489.468 558.048 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
q
0.48 0 0 -9 521.388 558.048 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
q
0.48 0 0 -9 549.588 558.048 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
q
0.48 0 0 -9 322.668 549.048 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 328.32 542.8201 Tm
(TU2)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 357.828 549.048 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 382.8893 542.8201 Tm
(1)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 392.028 549.048 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 400.9143 542.8201 Tm
(0.03)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 420.108 549.048 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 437.662 542.8201 Tm
(0.02)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 456.708 549.048 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
q
0.48 0 0 -9 489.468 549.048 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 512.3297 542.8201 Tm
(1)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 521.388 549.048 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 540.5548 542.8201 Tm
(1)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 549.588 549.048 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
q
0.48 0 0 -9 322.668 540.048 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 328.32 533.8201 Tm
(TU2D)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 357.828 540.048 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 382.885 533.8201 Tm
(5)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 392.028 540.048 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
q
0.48 0 0 -9 420.108 540.048 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
q
0.48 0 0 -9 456.708 540.048 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 470.2701 533.8201 Tm
(0.19)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 489.468 540.048 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
q
0.48 0 0 -9 521.388 540.048 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
q
0.48 0 0 -9 549.588 540.048 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
q
0.48 0 0 -9 322.668 531.168 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 328.32 524.8201 Tm
(TU3)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 357.828 531.168 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 378.8093 524.8201 Tm
(22)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 392.028 531.168 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 400.9394 524.8201 Tm
(0.36)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 420.108 531.168 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 433.7271 524.8201 Tm
(15.14)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 456.708 531.168 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 470.3798 524.8201 Tm
(0.65)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 489.468 531.168 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 512.4075 524.8201 Tm
(1)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 521.388 531.168 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 540.6326 524.8201 Tm
(2)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 549.588 531.168 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
q
0.48 0 0 -9 322.668 522.168 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 328.32 515.82 Tm
(TU4)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 357.828 522.168 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 382.8893 515.82 Tm
(1)Tj
ET
q
0.48 0 0 -9 392.028 522.168 cm
/Im1 Do
Q
BT
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 400.9143 515.82 Tm
(0.12)Tj
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[(join)-267.7(in)-254.3(our)-267.7(implementation.)-334.6(\(A)-254.3(more)-254.3(sophisticated)-281.1(implementation)]TJ
T*
[(could)-361.4(bring)-361.4(do)26.8(wn)-361.4(the)-348(cost)-361.4(of)-348(a)-348(color)-361.3(crossing)-361.3(substantially)-361.3()-348(b)13.4(ut)]TJ
0 -1.1777 TD
[(that)-348(is)-348(only)-361.3(speculation)-374.7(on)-348(our)-361.3(part)-348(at)-348(this)-348(time.\))-602.3(No)-348(v)26.8(alue)-374.7(joins)]TJ
0 -1.1644 TD
[(are)-414.9(required)-414.9(for)-401.5(the)-401.5(MCT)-401.5(and)-414.9(deep)-414.9(representations.)-789.6(Ob)13.4(viously)66.9(,)]TJ
T*
[(the)-361.4(concept)-361.4(of)-348(color)-361.4(crossings)-361.4(only)-361.4(applies)-348(to)-361.4(MCT)80.3(.)-348(The)-348(relati)26.8(v)13.4(e)]TJ
T*
[(cost)-294.4(of)-281.1(a)-281(query)-294.4(is)-281.1(immediately)-281(determined)-307.8(by)-281.1(the)-281(number)-307.8(of)-281.1(v)26.8(alue)]TJ
T*
[(joins)-240.9(or)-240.9(color)-240.9(crossings.)-321.2(When)-240.9(there)-240.9(are)-240.9(not)-240.9(an)13.4(y)66.9(,)-240.9(shallo)26.8(w)-240.9(and)-254.3(MCT)]TJ
T*
[(ha)13.4(v)13.4(e)-200.7(comparable)-227.5(performance,)-214.1(and)-214.1(are)-187.4(ne)26.8(v)13.4(e)0(r)-214.1(beaten)-214.1(by)-200.7(deep.)-294.4(When)]TJ
0 -1.1777 TD
[(there)-267.7(are)-254.3(v)26.8(alue)-254.3(joins)-267.7(or)-254.3(color)-254.3(crossings,)-267.7(performance)-267.7(suf)26.8(fers.)-321.2(MCT)]TJ
0 -1.1643 TD
[(beats)-281(shallo)26.8(w)-294.4(precisely)-281(in)-281.1(the)-281(cases)-281(where)-281(it)-267.7(does)-294.4(not)-281(need)-294.4(a)-267.7(color)]TJ
T*
[(crossing,)-361.3(because)-348(it)-307.8(w)13.4(a)0(s)-334.6(able)-334.6(to)-321.2(fold)-334.6(the)-334.6(hierarchy)-334.6(rele)26.8(v)26.8(ant)-334.6(to)-334.6(the)]TJ
T*
[(query)-307.8(into)-281.1(a)-281(single)-294.4(color)40.2(,)-294.4(whereas)-294.4(shallo)26.8(w)-281.1(had)-294.4(to)-281(join)-294.4(trees.)-401.5(Since)]TJ
T*
[(MCT)-200.8(has)-214.1(multiple)-200.8(colors)-214.1(a)13.4(v)26.8(ailable)-214.1(to)-200.8(it,)-200.7(it)-200.8(is)-200.7(indeed)-214.1(possible)-214.1(to)-200.8(ha)13.4(v)13.4(e)]TJ
T*
[(multiple)-214.1(hierarchies)-227.5(that)-214.1(could)-227.5(each)-214.1(be)-227.5(the)-214.1(one)-214.1(most)-227.5(appropriate)-227.5(for)]TJ
0 -1.1777 TD
[(a)-240.9(query)66.9(,)-254.3(and)-240.9(choose)-267.7(one)-240.9(of)-240.9(them)-240.9(a)-240.9(priori)-240.9(as)-227.5(part)-240.9(of)-240.9(database)-254.3(design.)]TJ
1.0037 -1.1643 TD
[(Furthermore,)-200.8(with)-200.8(v)26.8(alue-joins,)-214.1(the)-187.4(total)-200.8(running)-200.8(time)-187.4(of)-200.7(the)-200.8(query)]TJ
-1.0037 -1.1644 TD
[(is)-214.1(v)13.4(ery)-227.5(sensiti)26.8(v)13.4(e)-214.1(to)-214.1(the)-227.5(sizes)-214.1(of)-214.1(inputs)-227.5(to)-214.1(the)-214.1(join.)-294.4(Consider)-227.5(TQ9)-214.1(and)]TJ
T*
[(TQ11,)-294.4(which)-281.1(are)-281.1(similar)40.1(,)-281.1(e)13.4(xcept)-294.4(that)-267.7(the)-294.4(former)-281(computes)-294.4(a)-281(lar)13.4(ger)]TJ
T*
[(join)-214.1(\(input)-200.7(sizes)-200.7(to)-214.1(the)-200.8(join)-200.7(are)-200.7(5110)-227.5(and)-214.1(10000\))-227.5(than)-200.8(the)-214.1(latter)-187.4(\(with)]TJ
T*
[(input)-240.9(sizes)-227.5(33)-227.5(and)-227.5(25912\).)-321.2(The)]TJ
/TT9 1 Tf
12.5532 0 TD
(о)Tj
/TT8 1 Tf
0.5562 0 TD
[(nal)-227.5(result)-214.1(cardinality)-240.9(of)-227.5(the)-227.5(former)]TJ
-13.1094 -1.1777 TD
[(is)-361.4(also)-374.7(correspondingly)-401.5(higher)53.5(.)-655.8(The)-361.4(running)-374.7(time)-361.3(of)-374.7(the)-361.3(shallo)26.8(w)]TJ
0 -1.1644 TD
[(tree)-294.4(query)-294.4(is)-281.1(dominated)-307.8(by)-294.4(the)-281(v)26.8(alue)-307.8(join,)-281.1(and)-294.4(gro)26.8(ws)-294.4(linearly)-294.4(with)]TJ
T*
[(the)-227.5(size)-227.5(of)-214.1(the)-227.5(join.)-307.8(In)-214.1(contrast,)-227.5(the)-227.5(running)-240.9(times)-214.1(of)-227.5(deep)-240.9(and)-227.5(MCT)]TJ
T*
[(change)-281(v)13.4(ery)-254.3(little)-240.9(between)-254.3(these)-267.7(tw)13.4(o)-254.3(queries.)]TJ
1.0037 -1.1644 TD
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-1.0037 -1.1777 TD
[(sults.)-602.3(\(The)-348(other)-361.4(queries)-361.3(happened)-374.7(to)-348(ha)13.4(v)13.4(e)-361.4(no)-348(duplicates,)-388.1(due)-361.3(to)]TJ
0 -1.1644 TD
[(the)-240.9(schema)-240.9(speci)]TJ
/TT9 1 Tf
6.7567 0 TD
(о)Tj
/TT8 1 Tf
0.5562 0 TD
[(cations.\))-307.8(Deep)-240.9(not)-240.9(only)-240.9(has)-240.9(the)-240.9(cost)-240.9(of)-227.5(retrie)26.8(ving)]TJ
-7.3129 -1.1643 TD
[(more)-267.7(\(duplicate\))-267.7(results,)-267.7(b)13.4(u)0(t)-254.3(i)0(t)-254.3(also)-267.7(has)-267.7(to)-267.7(perform)-267.7(costly)-267.7(duplicate)]TJ
T*
[(elimination)-334.6(afterw)13.4(ards.)-522(T)80.3(o)-321.2(tease)-334.6(these)-321.2(tw)13.4(o)-334.6(f)13.4(actors)-321.2(apart,)-348(for)-321.2(each)]TJ
T*
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T*
[(duplicate)-334.6(elimination.)-535.3(\(Queries)-321.2(run)-334.6(without)-321.2(duplicate)-334.6(elimination)]TJ
0 -1.1777 TD
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T*
[(the)-254.3(tw)13.4(o)-254.3(together)-267.7(just)-240.9(compound)-294.4(the)-254.3(dif)]TJ
/TT9 1 Tf
15.5228 0 TD
(о)Tj
/TT8 1 Tf
0.5562 0 TD
[(culty)66.9(.)]TJ
-15.0752 -1.1644 TD
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-1.0037 -1.1643 TD
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T*
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0 -1.1777 TD
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0 -1.1644 TD
[(elimination)-307.8(as)-294.4(part)-294.4(of)-294.4(the)-294.4(query)-307.8(speci)]TJ
/TT9 1 Tf
15.122 0 TD
(о)Tj
/TT8 1 Tf
0.5562 0 TD
[(cation:)-388.1(since)-307.8(the)-294.4(duplicates)]TJ
-15.6781 -1.1644 TD
[(are)-361.3(in)-361.4(intermediate)-374.7(results)-361.3(rather)-361.4(than)-361.3(in)-361.3(the)]TJ
/TT9 1 Tf
18.5639 0 TD
(о)Tj
/TT8 1 Tf
0.5562 0 TD
[(nal)-361.4(results,)-388.1(we)-361.3(are)]TJ
-19.12 -1.1644 TD
[(not)-294.4(able)-281.1(to)-281.1(de)]TJ
/TT9 1 Tf
5.5216 0 TD
(о)Tj
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-6.0777 -1.1643 TD
[(performance)-281(of)-240.9(deep)-267.7(without)-254.3(duplicate)-267.7(elimination.)]TJ
1.0037 -1.1644 TD
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-1.0037 -1.1777 TD
[(Where)-294.4(the)-294.4(update)-294.4(speci)]TJ
/TT9 1 Tf
9.4897 0 TD
(о)Tj
/TT8 1 Tf
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[(cation)-294.4(w)13.4(a)0(s)-294.4(simple,)-294.4(and)-307.8(there)-281.1(were)-294.4(no)-294.4(du-)]TJ
-10.0459 -1.1643 TD
[(plicates,)-240.9(all)-240.9(three)-240.9(schemes)-254.3(performed)-254.3(comparably)66.9(.)-321.2(Once)-254.3(duplicates)]TJ
T*
[(are)-267.7(in)40.1(v)13.4(olv)13.4(ed,)-267.7(the)-267.7(performance)-281.1(of)-267.7(deep)-267.7(suf)26.8(fers)-267.7(because)-281(of)-254.3(ha)13.4(ving)-281(to)]TJ
T*
[(update)-307.8(multiple)-294.4(copies.)-428.3(When)-294.4(the)-281(update)-307.8(speci)]TJ
/TT9 1 Tf
19.0466 0 TD
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/TT8 1 Tf
0.5562 0 TD
[(cation)-294.4(is)-294.4(comple)13.4(x)]TJ
-19.6028 -1.1644 TD
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[(shallo)26.8(w)-267.7(tak)13.4(es)-254.3(a)-254.3(performance)-267.7(hit.)]TJ
/TT6 1 Tf
11.9552 0 0 11.9552 53.76 150.3 Tm
[(7.3)-993.7(Query)-261(Simplicity)]TJ
/TT8 1 Tf
8.9664 0 0 8.9664 62.76 137.34 Tm
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T*
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T*
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T*
[(queries.)-495.2(While)-307.8(simplicity)-307.8(itself)-294.4(is)-307.8(hard)-321.2(to)-307.8(quantify)66.9(,)-334.6(w)0(e)-307.8(h)0(a)13.4(v)13.4(e)-307.8(iden-)]TJ
T*
(ti)Tj
/TT9 1 Tf
0.5557 0 TD
(о)Tj
/TT8 1 Tf
0.5562 0 TD
[(ed)-307.8(se)26.8(v)13.4(eral)-321.2(metrics)-307.8(that)-307.8(are)-307.8(lik)13.4(ely)-307.8(to)-321.2(be)-307.8(correlated)-321.2()-307.8(the)-321.2(number)]TJ
-1.1118 -1.1777 TD
[(of)-281.1(path)-281(e)13.4(xpressions)-281.1(and)-294.4(the)-267.7(number)-294.4(of)-267.7(v)26.8(ariable)-281.1(bindings.)-388.1(F)13.4(o)0(r)-267.7(each)]TJ
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S
BT
/TT4 1 Tf
4.0558 0 0 4.0558 335.0792 605.3782 Tm
0 0 0 1 k
(0)Tj
0 4.2705 TD
(1)Tj
T*
(2)Tj
0 4.1664 TD
(3)Tj
0 4.3747 TD
(4)Tj
0 4.2705 TD
(5)Tj
0 4.3747 TD
(6)Tj
0 4.2705 TD
(7)Tj
2.604 -31.6644 TD
[(TQ3)-1811.9(TQ9)-1499.4(TQ10)-1151.5(TQ11)-1255.7(TQ13)-1151.5(TQ14)-1047.4(TQ15)-1151.5(TQ16)-1359.8(SQ2)-1755.7(SQ3)-1651.6(SQ5)]TJ
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3.3599 0 TD
(о)Tj
/TT8 1 Tf
0.5562 0 TD
[(ed)-348(using)-361.3(only)-361.3(e)26.8(v)13.4(olutionary)-361.3(e)13.4(xtensions)-361.3(to)-348(the)-348(XML)-348(data)]TJ
-3.916 -1.1643 TD
[(model)-334.6(and)-334.6(to)-321.2(XQuery)66.9(.)-522(G)0(i)26.8(v)13.4(en)-321.2(the)-321.2(importance)-334.6(of)-334.6(e)13.4(xchanging)-348(data,)]TJ
0 -1.1777 TD
[(we)-281.1(presented)-281.1(an)-281.1(algorithm)-281(to)-281(obtain)-281(a)-267.7(size-optimal)-281(serialization)-281.1(of)]TJ
0 -1.1643 TD
[(data)-294.4(represented)-307.8(in)-294.4(our)-307.8(model,)-294.4(rendering)-307.8(it)-294.4(in)-281(pure)-307.8(XML.)-281(W)80.3(e)-281.1(also)]TJ
T*
[(discussed)-374.7(the)-348(changes)-374.7(necessary)-374.7(to)-348(XML)-348(databases)-374.7(to)-348(be)-361.4(able)-361.3(to)]TJ
T*
[(support)-240.9(multi-colored)-240.9(trees,)-227.5(and)-240.9(describe)-227.5(an)-240.9(implementation)-240.9(on)-227.5(top)]TJ
T*
[(of)-254.3(the)-240.9(T)40.1(imber)-254.3(nati)26.8(v)13.4(e)-254.3(XML)-240.9(database.)-321.2(Finally)66.9(,)-240.9(a)0(n)-254.3(e)13.4(xperimental)-254.3(e)26.8(v)26.8(al-)]TJ
T*
[(uation,)-388.1(using)-361.3(our)-348(implementation,)-388.1(demonstrates)-361.4(the)-348(man)13.4(y)-361.3(adv)26.8(an-)]TJ
0 -1.1777 TD
[(tages)-267.7(of)-240.9(MCT)-254.3(o)13.4(v)13.4(e)0(r)-254.3(shallo)26.8(w)-267.7(and)-254.3(deep)-267.7(XML)-254.3(trees.)]TJ
1.0037 -1.1644 TD
[(The)-361.4(multi-colored)-374.7(tree)-348(model)-374.7(proposed)-388.1(in)-361.4(this)-348(paper)-374.7(has)-361.4(three)]TJ
-1.0037 -1.1643 TD
[(major)-254.3(bene)]TJ
/TT9 1 Tf
4.4745 0 TD
(о)Tj
/TT8 1 Tf
0.5562 0 TD
(ts:)Tj
/T3 1 Tf
0.12 0 0 -0.12 67.08 378.66 Tm
( )Tj
/TT8 1 Tf
8.9664 0 0 8.9664 76.2 378.66 Tm
[(Ease)-200.8(of)-187.4(Schema)-200.7(Design:)-281.1(The)-200.8(hard)-200.8(choices)-214.1(required)-200.7(for)-187.4(a)-200.7(deep)]TJ
0 -1.1643 TD
[(tree)-200.8(design)-214.1(\(i.e.,)-200.8(which)-200.8(element)-200.7(to)-200.8(put)-214.1(belo)26.8(w)-200.8(which\))-214.1(are)-200.7(made)]TJ
T*
[(easier)-254.3(by)-267.7(permitting)-267.7(multiple)-254.3(hierarchies)-267.7(to)-254.3(co-e)13.4(xist)-267.7(o)13.4(v)13.4(e)0(r)-267.7(the)]TJ
T*
[(same)-307.8(data.)-441.6(An)-307.8(added)-307.8(bene)]TJ
/TT9 1 Tf
10.8329 0 TD
(о)Tj
/TT8 1 Tf
0.5562 0 TD
[(t)-307.8(i)0(s)-294.4(that,)-294.4(lik)13.4(e)-307.8(shallo)26.8(w)66.9(,)-307.8(MCT)-294.4(can)]TJ
-11.389 -1.1777 TD
[(a)13.4(v)13.4(oid)-254.3(update)-267.7(anomalies.)]TJ
/T3 1 Tf
0.12 0 0 -0.12 67.08 319.14 Tm
( )Tj
/TT8 1 Tf
8.9664 0 0 8.9664 76.2 319.14 Tm
[(Ease)-348(of)-348(Query)-361.3(Speci)]TJ
/TT9 1 Tf
8.4987 0 TD
(о)Tj
/TT8 1 Tf
0.5562 0 TD
[(cation:)-495.2(XQuery)-348(\(and)-361.4(XP)13.4(ath\))-334.6(mak)13.4(e)-361.4(i)0(t)]TJ
-9.0548 -1.1644 TD
[(much)-227.5(easier)-227.5(to)-227.5(specify)-227.5(hierarchical)-227.5(structural)-214.1(na)13.4(vigation)-227.5(than)]TJ
0 -1.1777 TD
[(v)26.8(alue-based)-455(or)-428.3(ID-IDREF)-401.5(joins.)-829.8(Multi-colored)-428.3(trees)-428.3(help)]TJ
0 -1.1644 TD
[(a)13.4(v)13.4(oid)-254.3(the)-254.3(latter)-240.9(and)-267.7(use)-254.3(the)-254.3(former)-254.3(instead.)]TJ
/T3 1 Tf
0.12 0 0 -0.12 67.08 270.06 Tm
( )Tj
/TT8 1 Tf
8.9664 0 0 8.9664 76.2 270.06 Tm
(Ef)Tj
/TT9 1 Tf
0.9171 0 TD
(о)Tj
/TT8 1 Tf
0.5562 0 TD
[(cienc)13.4(y)-187.4(i)0(n)-200.8(Query)-200.8(Processing:)-281(Structural)-187.4(\(containment\))-200.7(joins)]TJ
-1.4732 -1.1643 TD
[(are)-334.6(much)-334.6(cheaper)-334.6(to)-321.2(compute)-348(than)-334.6(v)26.8(alue-based)-348(\(or)-321.2(pointer\))]TJ
0 -1.1777 TD
[(joins.)-401.5(This)-281.1(mak)13.4(es)-294.4(it)-281(much)-294.4(cheaper)-294.4(to)-281(e)26.8(v)26.8(aluate)-294.4(MCT)-281(queries)]TJ
0 -1.1644 TD
[(compared)-414.9(with)-388.1(equi)26.8(v)26.8(alent)-401.5(single-color)-401.5(queries)-401.5(that)-388.1(require)]TJ
T*
[(v)26.8(alue-based)-414.9(or)-388.1(ID-IDREF)-361.3(joins.)-709.3(Another)-388.1(w)13.4(a)0(y)-401.5(o)0(f)-388.1(thinking)]TJ
T*
[(about)-361.4(this)-334.6(is)-334.6(that)-348(more)-348(pre-computed)-374.7(structural)-334.6(paths)-361.3(are)]TJ
T*
[(a)13.4(v)26.8(ailable)-254.3(\(as)-254.3(opposed)-281(to)-254.3(ad)-254.3(hoc)-254.3(join)-254.3(paths\).)]TJ
/TT6 1 Tf
11.9552 0 0 11.9552 53.76 183.3 Tm
[(10.)-993.7(REFERENCES)]TJ
/TT8 1 Tf
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 57.84 176.22 Tm
[([1])-557.1(S.)-240.9(Abiteboul,)-286.1(D.)-256(Quass,)-240.9(J.)-240.9(McHugh,)-256(J.)-240.9(W)45.2(idom,)-256(and)-271(J.)-240.9(W)45.2(iener)60.2(.)-271(The)]TJ
1.7164 -1.1142 TD
[(Lorel)-271(query)-271(language)-286.1(for)-256(semistructured)-301.1(data.)]TJ
/TT11 1 Tf
18.6767 0 TD
[(J)30.1(ournal)-271(on)-256(Digital)]TJ
-18.6767 -1.1292 TD
[(Libr)15.1(aries)]TJ
/TT8 1 Tf
3.7081 0 TD
[(,)-271(1\(1\),)-256(1996.)]TJ
-5.4245 -1.2497 TD
[([2])-557.1(S.)-240.9(Al-Khalif)15.1(a,)-301.1(H.)-240.9(V)135.5(.)-240.9(Jagadish,)-271(N.)-240.9(K)30.1(oudas,)-256(J.)-240.9(M.)-240.9(P)15.1(atel,)-271(D.)-256(Sri)30.1(v)30.1(asta)15.1(v)30.1(a)0(,)]TJ
1.7164 -1.1292 TD
[(and)-271(Y)135.5(.)-240.9(W)45.2(u)0(.)-240.9(Structural)-301.1(joins:)-331.2(A)-256(primiti)30.1(v)15.1(e)-286.1(for)-256(ef)]TJ
/TT9 1 Tf
18.5341 0 TD
(о)Tj
/TT8 1 Tf
0.5562 0 TD
[(cient)-301.1(XML)-240.9(query)]TJ
-19.0903 -1.1292 TD
[(pattern)-286.1(matching.)-286.1(In)]TJ
/TT11 1 Tf
8.4087 0 TD
[(Pr)45.2(oc.)-240.9(ICDE)]TJ
/TT8 1 Tf
4.7226 0 TD
[(,)-240.9(2002.)]TJ
-14.8477 -1.2497 TD
[([3])-557.1(M.)-256(Arenas)-256(and)-271(L.)-240.9(Libkin.)-256(A)-240.9(normal)-271(form)-256(for)-256(XML)-240.9(documents.)-271(In)]TJ
/TT11 1 Tf
1.7164 -1.1142 TD
[(Pr)45.2(oc.)-256(PODS)]TJ
/TT8 1 Tf
4.9598 0 TD
[(,)-240.9(2002.)]TJ
-6.6762 -1.2497 TD
[([4])-557.1(D.)-240.9(Barbosa,)-271(A.)-256(Mendelzon,)-286.1(J.)-240.9(K)30.1(eenle)15.1(yside)-301.1(and)-256(K.)-240.9(L)60.2(yons.)-256(T)75.3(oXgene:)]TJ
1.7164 -1.1292 TD
[(A)-256(T)75.3(emplate-based)-301.1(Data)-271(Generator)-286.1(for)-256(XML.)-240.9(In)]TJ
/TT11 1 Tf
19.2561 0 TD
[(Pr)45.2(oc.)-240.9(F)45.2(ifth)-271(Intl.)]TJ
-19.2561 -1.1292 TD
[(W)90.3(orkshop)-271(on)-256(the)-271(W)90.3(e)0(b)-256(and)-271(Databases)-271(\(W)90.3(ebDB)-256(2002\))]TJ
/TT8 1 Tf
21.1327 0 TD
[(.)-256(Madison,)]TJ
-21.1327 -1.1292 TD
[(W)45.2(isconsin)-286.1(-)-240.9(June)-271(6-7,)-256(2002)]TJ
31.2718 82.0114 TD
[([5])-572.1(A.)-240.9(Ber)15.1(glund,)-271(S.)-256(Boag,)-256(D.)-240.9(Chamberlin,)-286.1(M.)-240.9(F)75.3(.)-240.9(Fernandez,)-286.1(M.)-240.9(Kay)60.2(,)]TJ
1.7315 -1.1292 TD
[(J.)-240.9(Robie,)-271(and)-271(J.)-240.9(Simeon.)-256(Xml)-240.9(path)-271(language)-301.1(\(XP)15.1(ath\))-271(2.0.)-240.9(W3C)]TJ
T*
[(W)75.3(orking)-271(Draft.)-256(A)75.3(v)30.1(ailable)-301.1(from)-256(http://www)60.2(.w3.or)15.1(g/TR/xpath20/,)]TJ
T*
[(No)15.1(v)60.2(.)-240.9(2002.)]TJ
-1.7315 -1.2497 TD
[([6])-572.1(P)105.4(.)-240.9(V)135.5(.)-240.9(Biron)-271(and)-271(A.)-240.9(Malhotra.)-286.1(XML)-240.9(schema)-271(part)-271(2:)-316.2(Datatypes.)-286.1(W3C)]TJ
1.7315 -1.1142 TD
[(Recommendation.)-301.1(A)75.3(v)30.1(ailable)-301.1(from)]TJ
0 -1.1292 TD
[(http://www)60.2(.w3.or)15.1(g/TR/xmlschema-2/,)-316.2(May)-271(2001.)]TJ
-1.7315 -1.2497 TD
[([7])-572.1(S.)-240.9(Boag,)-271(D.)-240.9(Chamberlin,)-286.1(M.)-240.9(F)75.3(.)-240.9(Fernandez,)-286.1(D.)-240.9(Florescu,)-271(J.)-240.9(Robie,)-271(and)]TJ
1.7315 -1.1292 TD
[(J.)-240.9(Simeon.)-256(XQuery)-271(1.0:)-316.2(An)-256(XML)-240.9(query)-271(language.)-286.1(W3C)-256(W)75.3(orking)]TJ
0 -1.1142 TD
[(Draft.)-256(A)75.3(v)30.1(ailable)-316.2(from)-240.9(http://www)60.2(.w3.or)15.1(g/TR/xquery)60.2(,)-316.2(N)0(o)15.1(v)60.2(.)-240.9(2003.)]TJ
-1.7315 -1.2497 TD
[([8])-572.1(N.)-240.9(Bruno,)-271(N.)-240.9(K)30.1(oudas,)-240.9(and)-271(D.)-240.9(Sri)30.1(v)30.1(asta)15.1(v)30.1(a)0(.)-301.1(Holistic)-286.1(twig)-256(joins:)-346.3(Optimal)]TJ
1.7315 -1.1292 TD
[(XML)-240.9(pattern)-286.1(matching.)-286.1(In)]TJ
/TT11 1 Tf
10.8717 0 TD
[(Pr)45.2(oc.)-240.9(SIGMOD)]TJ
/TT8 1 Tf
6.2221 0 TD
[(,)-256(2002.)]TJ
-18.8253 -1.2497 TD
[([9])-572.1(P)105.4(.)-240.9(Buneman,)-271(S.)-240.9(Da)15.1(vidson,)-256(G.)-240.9(Hillebrand,)-301.1(and)-256(D.)-240.9(Suciu.)-271(A)-240.9(query)]TJ
1.7315 -1.1292 TD
[(language)-286.1(and)-271(optimization)-301.1(techniques)-301.1(for)-256(unstructured)-301.1(data.)-271(In)]TJ
/TT11 1 Tf
25.5407 0 TD
[(Pr)45.2(oc.)]TJ
-25.5407 -1.1292 TD
(SIGMOD)Tj
/TT8 1 Tf
3.8325 0 TD
[(,)-256(1996.)]TJ
-6.0608 -1.2497 TD
[([10])-572.1(M.)-240.9(Consens)-271(and)-271(A.)-240.9(Mendelzon.)-286.1(Hy)]TJ
/T10 1 Tf
0.12 0 0 -0.12 447.48 591.54 Tm
()Tj
/TT8 1 Tf
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 453.6 588.66 Tm
[(:)-316.2(A)-240.9(hygraph-based)-301.1(query)-256(and)]TJ
-14.9358 -1.1142 TD
[(visualization)-316.2(system.)-256(In)]TJ
/TT11 1 Tf
9.7988 0 TD
[(Pr)45.2(oc.)-240.9(SIGMOD)]TJ
/TT8 1 Tf
6.2221 0 TD
[(,)-256(1993.)]TJ
-18.2492 -1.2497 TD
[([11])-572.1(M.)-240.9(P)105.4(.)-240.9(Consens)-271(and)-256(A.)-240.9(O.)-256(Mendelzon.)-286.1(Graphlog:)-346.3(A)-240.9(visual)-271(formalism)]TJ
2.2283 -1.1292 TD
[(for)-256(real)-271(life)-271(recursion.)-286.1(In)]TJ
/TT11 1 Tf
10.1408 0 TD
[(Pr)45.2(oc.)-240.9(PODS)]TJ
/TT8 1 Tf
4.9448 0 TD
[(,)-240.9(1990.)]TJ
-17.3139 -1.2497 TD
[([12])-572.1(C.)-256(E.)-225.8(Dyreson,)-271(M.)-240.9(H.)-240.9(B)]TJ
/T12 1 Tf
0.12 0 0 -0.12 410.1481 550.86 Tm
()Tj
/T5 1 Tf
-3 0 TD
(o)Tj
/TT8 1 Tf
7.9701 0 0 7.9701 413.8681 550.86 Tm
[(hlen,)-271(and)-271(C.)-240.9(S.)-240.9(Jensen.)-256(Capturing)-301.1(and)]TJ
-9.9507 -1.1292 TD
[(querying)-286.1(multiple)-286.1(aspects)-271(of)-256(semistructured)-301.1(data.)-271(In)]TJ
/TT11 1 Tf
21.1713 0 TD
[(Pr)45.2(oc.)-240.9(VLDB)]TJ
/TT8 1 Tf
4.8896 0 TD
(,)Tj
-26.0609 -1.1292 TD
(1999.)Tj
-2.2283 -1.2497 TD
[([13])-572.1(M.)-240.9(Fernandez,)-286.1(D.)-240.9(Florescu,)-271(A.)-240.9(Le)30.1(vy)60.2(,)-256(and)-271(D.)-240.9(Suciu.)-256(A)-256(query)-271(language)]TJ
2.2283 -1.1142 TD
[(for)-256(a)-256(web-site)-286.1(management)-286.1(system.)]TJ
/TT11 1 Tf
14.4743 0 TD
[(SIGMOD)-256(Recor)30.1(d)]TJ
/TT8 1 Tf
6.9461 0 TD
[(,)-240.9(26\(3\):411,)]TJ
-21.4203 -1.1292 TD
[(Sept.)-256(1997.)]TJ
-2.2283 -1.2497 TD
[([14])-572.1(M.)-240.9(F)75.3(.)-240.9(Fernandez,)-286.1(A.)-240.9(Malhotra,)-286.1(J.)-240.9(Marsh,)-256(M.)-240.9(Nagy)60.2(,)-256(and)-256(N.)-256(W)75.3(alsh.)]TJ
2.2283 -1.1292 TD
[(XQuery)-271(1.0)-240.9(and)-271(XP)15.1(ath)-256(2.0)-256(data)-271(model.)-271(W3C)-240.9(W)75.3(orking)-271(Draft.)]TJ
0 -1.1142 TD
[(A)75.3(v)30.1(ailable)-301.1(from)-256(http://www)60.2(.w3.or)15.1(g/TR/query-datamodel)-15.1(/,)-346.3(No)15.1(v)60.2(.)-240.9(2002.)]TJ
-2.2283 -1.2647 TD
[([15])-572.1(T)75.3(.)-240.9(Fiebig,)-271(S.)-240.9(Helmer)45.2(,)-271(C.-C.)-240.9(Kanne,)-271(G.)-240.9(Moerk)15.1(otte,)-286.1(J.)-240.9(Neumann,)]TJ
2.2283 -1.1142 TD
[(R.)-256(Schiele,)-271(and)-271(T)75.3(.)-240.9(W)75.3(estmann.)-256(Anatomy)-271(of)-240.9(a)-271(nati)30.1(v)15.1(e)-286.1(XML)-240.9(base)]TJ
0 -1.1292 TD
[(management)-286.1(system.)]TJ
/TT11 1 Tf
8.6787 0 TD
[(The)-256(VLDB)-240.9(J)30.1(ournal)]TJ
/TT8 1 Tf
7.5776 0 TD
[(,)-271(11\(4\):292314,)-286.1(2002.)]TJ
-18.4847 -1.2497 TD
[([16])-572.1(D.)-240.9(Florescu)-286.1(and)-256(D.)-240.9(K)30.1(ossman.)-240.9(Storing)-286.1(and)-256(querying)-286.1(XML)-240.9(data)-271(using)]TJ
2.2283 -1.1292 TD
[(an)-256(RDMBS.)]TJ
/TT11 1 Tf
5.2072 0 TD
[(IEEE)-240.9(Data)-256(Engineering)-286.1(Bulletin)]TJ
/TT8 1 Tf
13.0578 0 TD
[(,)-286.1(22\(3\):2734,)-271(1999.)]TJ
-20.4934 -1.2497 TD
[([17])-572.1(C.)-256(Hurtado)-271(and)-256(A.)-256(Mendelzon.)-286.1(OLAP)-240.9(dimension)-271(constraints,)-286.1(In)]TJ
/TT11 1 Tf
2.2283 -1.1142 TD
[(Pr)45.2(oc.)-240.9(PODS)]TJ
/TT8 1 Tf
4.9448 0 TD
[(,)-240.9(2002.)]TJ
-7.1731 -1.2497 TD
[([18])-572.1(H.)-240.9(V)135.5(.)-256(Jagadish,)-256(S.)-256(Al-Khalif)15.1(a,)-286.1(A.)-240.9(Chapman,)-271(L.)-240.9(V)135.5(.)-240.9(S.)-240.9(Lakshmanan,)]TJ
2.2283 -1.1292 TD
[(A.)-240.9(Nierman,)-271(S.)-240.9(P)15.1(aparizos,)-271(J.)-240.9(M.)-256(P)15.1(atel,)-271(D.)-240.9(Sri)30.1(v)30.1(asta)15.1(v)30.1(a)0(,)]TJ
T*
[(D.)-240.9(W)45.2(i)0(w)15.1(atw)15.1(attana,)-316.2(Y)135.5(.)-256(W)45.2(u)0(,)-240.9(and)-256(C.)-256(Y)105.4(u)0(.)-240.9(TIMBER:)-256(A)-240.9(nati)30.1(v)15.1(e)-286.1(XML)]TJ
T*
(database.)Tj
/TT11 1 Tf
3.9785 0 TD
[(The)-256(VLDB)-240.9(J)30.1(ournal)]TJ
/TT8 1 Tf
7.5776 0 TD
[(,)-271(11\(4\):274291,)-286.1(2002.)]TJ
-13.7844 -1.2497 TD
[([19])-572.1(H.)-240.9(V)135.5(.)-256(Jagadish,)-256(L.)-240.9(V)135.5(.)-256(S.)-240.9(Lakshmanan,)-271(and)-256(D.)-240.9(Sri)30.1(v)30.1(asta)15.1(v)30.1(a)0(.)-301.1(What)-256(can)]TJ
2.2283 -1.1142 TD
[(hierarchies)-301.1(do)-256(for)-256(data)-271(w)15.1(arehouses?)-361.4(In)]TJ
/TT11 1 Tf
15.846 0 TD
[(Pr)45.2(oc.)-240.9(VLDB)]TJ
/TT8 1 Tf
4.8896 0 TD
[(,)-225.8(1999.)]TJ
-22.9639 -1.2497 TD
[([20])-572.1(T)75.3(.)-240.9(B.)-240.9(Pedersen,)-271(C.)-256(S.)-240.9(Jensen,)-256(and)-271(C.)-240.9(E.)-240.9(Dyreson.)-256(A)-256(foundation)-286.1(for)]TJ
2.2283 -1.1292 TD
[(capturing)-301.1(and)-256(querying)-286.1(comple)15.1(x)-271(multidimensional)-316.2(data.)]TJ
/TT11 1 Tf
22.8196 0 TD
(Information)Tj
-22.8196 -1.1292 TD
(Systems)Tj
/TT8 1 Tf
3.166 0 TD
[(,)-271(26\(5\):)-331.2(383423,)-256(2001.)]TJ
-5.3943 -1.2497 TD
[([21])-572.1(D.)-240.9(Pedersen,)-271(K.)-240.9(Riis,)-271(and)-256(T)75.3(.)-240.9(B.)-256(Pedersen.)-271(Query)-256(optimization)-316.2(for)]TJ
2.2283 -1.1292 TD
[(OLAP-XML)-240.9(federations.)-286.1(In)]TJ
/TT11 1 Tf
11.4748 0 TD
[(Pr)45.2(oc.)-240.9(DOLAP)]TJ
/TT8 1 Tf
5.6117 0 TD
[(,)-240.9(2002.)]TJ
-19.3149 -1.2497 TD
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