% Topic Keyword List for R. Thomason's % Bibliography of Work in Philosophy of Language, % Semantics, Artificial Intelligence, Cognitive % Science, and Assorted Related Topics. % % Author: R.H. Thomason % Date of this version: January 14, 2020 % % Send additions, corrections, and comments to % rthomaso@umich.edu % % Note: I am always interested in BibTeX formated % bibligraphies on related topics. %%%%% Begin List of Topic Keywords % A*-algorithm; % abduction; % adaptive-logic; % adaptive-systems; % ability; %= 'can', cf reasoning-about-achievability, cf possibility % aboutness; % absolutives; %= absolute-constructions % abstraction; % abstract-algebra; % abstract-constraints; % abstract-data-types; % abstract-entailment-relations; % abstract-logical-consequence-relation; % abstract-state-machines; % abstract-probability; % abstract-logic; % abstract-model-theory; % abstract-recursion-theory; % academic-editorial; % academic-ethics; % academic-politics; % Achilles-and-the-tortoise; % I.e., Lewis Carroll's regress in "What the tortoise said ..." % Not Zeno's paradox % accellerating-Turing-machines; %= hypercomputation % accommodation; % accuracy-estimation; % i.e., esp. in machine learning % acoustic-modeling; % acoustic-model-adaptation; % acoustic-transducers; % i.e., between airwaves and electrical signals, % microphones, speakers % Aquinas; % action; %= actions % action-descriptions; % action-effects; % action-explanation; % action-formalisms; %= action-languages %= Also cf. planning-formalisms %= action-logics, logics-of-action, logic-of-action %i.e. formalisms for reasoning about action and change % action-models; % i.e., models for action formalisms % action-narratives; % i.e., narratives as understood in the action-and-change % literature % active-logic; %= Due to Elgot-Drapkin and Perlis % active-perception; %= active-vision % Cf sensing-actions % activity-recognition; % action-schemes; % action-science; % ACT-R; % acts-of-creation; % actualism; % actuality; % adapting-to-environments; % adaptive-interfaces; % adaptive-logic; % adaptive-web-sites; % addiction; % adhoc-hypotheses; % adjectives; % adjuncts; % admissibility-semantics; % I.e., for argumentation % admissible-rules; % admissible-sets; % adverbs; % adverbs-of-quantification;; % adversatives; % advice-giving-systems; % aesthetics; % affective-communication; % affordances % 'again'; % aggregation; % ie, generic aggregation. Cf preference-aggregation, nl-gen-aggregation % agency; % agent-architectures; % including BDI-architectures % agent-attitudes; % Cf attitudes-in-psychology % agent-attitude-recognition; % agent-based-modeling; %= agent-based-simulation [the 2 are different but close enough] % agent-communication; % agent-environment-interaction; % I.e., theories of agents' interactions with their environment % agent-oriented-programming; % agent-modeling; % agent-stereotypes; % ie, in user or agent modeling % nl-gen-aggregation; % I.e., in NL Generation Microplanning % nl-understanding; % in AI % agreeing-to-disagree; % agreement; % I.e., in natural languages %= including concord % AI-algorithms; % AI-algorithms-analysis; % AI-and-culture; % AI-and-economics; % AI-and-fiction; % AI-and-Law %ie law as applied to artificial agents % AI-and-society; % AI-and-the-internet; %= AI-and-the-web, web-based-AI % AI-and-logic; %= AI-logic, logic-AI % AI-and-music; % AI-and-psychology; % AI-and-religion; % AI-applications; %= applied-AI, applications-of-AI % AI-classics; % AI-courseware; % AI-editorial; % AI-education; % AI-general; % AI-implementations; % AI-in-education; % AI-instruction; % AI-intro; % AI-methodology; % AI-programming; % AI-safety %= safety-engineering % AI-search-statistics; % AI-survey; % AI-system-evaluation; % Cf. nlp-evaluation %= AI-validation % AI-text; %= AI-textbook % akrasia; %= weakness-of-will, incontinence % Algonquian-languages; % Aktionsarten; %= aspectual-classes, aspectual-types % algebra-valued-logics; % algebraic-computation; % algebraic-geometry; % algebraic-logic; % algebraic-semantics; % algebraic-set-theory; % algorithmic-complexity; %= computational-complexity % algorithmic-game-theory; % algorithmic-information-theory; % algorithmic-logic; % algorithms; % 'already'; %= 'schon' % alternating-time-logic; % alternatives; % cf reasoning-about-alternatives % alternatives-for-action; %= Ie, in practical reasoning % altruism; % ambiguity; % ambiguity/generality; % American-culture; % American-indian-populations; % American-politics; % American-pragmatism; % American-sign-language; %=ASL, Cf. sign-language % anakratic-conditionals; % analog-digital; % analog-networks; % analogical-reasoning; % analogy; % analysis; % i.e., real numbers, calculus, etc. % analytic-philosophy; % analytic-philosophy-collection; % analyticity; %= logical-truth, analytic-synthetic-distinction, analytic-truth % anaphora; %= discourse-anaphora, co-reference, coreference % cf. non-co-reference % anaphora-resolution; %= anaphor-resolution % cf. centering % cf. reference-resolution % analog-digital; %= digital-analog % analogy; % Including analogical-reasoning % anankastic-conditionals; %= hypothetical-imperatives % anatomical-symmetry; % ancient-Greek-language; % ancient-logic; % ancient-mathematics; % ancient-philosophy; % ancient-physics; % ancient-science; % and/or-graphs; %= and-or-graphs, and-or-trees % animal-behavior; % animal-cognition; %= cognitive-ethology % animal-language; % animal-navigation; % animation; % I.e., computer animation % annotated-logics; % announcements; % anomalous-monism; %= Mind-Body Problem, davidson:1970a % Anscombe; % answer-sets; % Including answer-set-solvers % anti-foundational-sets; %= as in Aczell % anti-intellectualism; % anti-unification; % anthropological-linguistics; % anthropomorphism-of-computers; % antonymy; % anytime-algorithms; % aphasia; % applications-of-linguistics; % applications-of-KL1; % applied-ethics; % applied-kr; % applied-logic; % applied-nonmonotonic-reasoning; % a-priori; %= apriori % appositive-constructions; % approximate-logical-consequence; %= approximate-entailment, approximate-implication % approximate-truth; %= verisimilitude % In philosophy of science. Vagueness is a different topic. % approximation; % approximation-methods; % Including Bayesian-approximation-methods % approximately-correct-algorithms; % approximate-objects; % approximate-theorem-proving; % Aquinas; % Arabic-language; % arbitrary-objects; %= As in Kit Fine's work. % arc-(in)consistency; % achaeology; % argument-maps; %= argument-diagrams % argumentation; % argumentation-theory; % argument-structure; %= subcategorization-frames % argument-systems; % argument-based-defeasible-reasoning; % Aristotle; % arithmetic-hierarchy; % arithmetical-reasoning; % arithmetization; % arrow-logic; % Arrow's-theorem; % artifacts; % artificial-chemistry; % artificial-communication; % artificial-institutions; % artificial-languages; % artificial-life; % artificial-societies; % artifacts; % art-of-formalization; % See macro-formalization, micro-formalization % art-of-programming; % article-selection; % E.g. in nl-generation, but also in human language production % 'as'; % A-series-B-series; %= McTaggart % ascriptivism; % assembly; %includes: assembly-planning % assertion; % assertoric-semantics; % assumption-based-argumentation; % astronomy; % Athabaskan-languages; % atheism; % attempting; % trying % attention; % attention-networks; % attentional-state; % as in Grosz and Signer % attitude-revision; % attitudes-in-psychology; % attribution-theory; % I.e., in social psychology % auction-protocols; %cf computational-bargaining % auditory-perception; % Augmented-Transition-Networks; %= ATNs % Augustine; % Australian-languages; % Austronesian-language;; % authorship-attribution; % autism; % autoepistemic-logic; % autolexical-syntax; % automated-essay-scoring; % automated-planning; % automatic-indexing; % automath; % automotive-AI; % Not including autonomous-vechicles % autonomous-agents; % autonomous-vehicles; % autonomy; % automated-algebra; %= computer-algebra, Mathematica, Maple, etc. % automated-creative-writing; %= literary-creativity, storytelling, story-telling % automata-theory; % automated-configuration; % automated-corpus-annotation; % automated-discovery; % automated-engineering; % automated-ethical-reasoning; % automated-language-acquisition; % automated-lexical-acquisition; % automated-negotiation; % automated-scientific-discovery; % automated-test-scoring; % a type of educational AI % automatic-cinematography; % automatic-classification; % ie, general algorithms for classification of anything % automatic-consulting; %= expert-consultants, consulting-systems % automatic-corpus-bracketing; % automatic-debugging; % automatic-grammar-acquisition; %= See L1-acquisition for human grammar acquisition % automatic-programming; % a type of educational AI % automotive-engineering; % autosegmental-phonology; % auxiliary-verbs; % awareness; % axiom-of-choice; % axiom-of-comprehension; % axiomatic-independence; %= independence, independence-in-logic, redundancy % axiomatic-truth; % axiomatizations-of-FOL; %= first-order-logic % Bach-Peters-sentences; % backtracking; % backward-induction; % Balkan-languages; % Bambara-language; % Banach-Tarski-theorem; % Bantu-languages; % bare-plural; % bargaining-theory; % basic-actions; % Basque-language; % Bayesian-classification; % Bayesian-independence; %=~ sure-thing-principle % Bayesian-network-construction; % Bayesian-models; % Bayesian-networks; %= belief-networks, Bayesian-nets, Bayesian-belief-networks % Bayesian-reasoning; % Bayesian-statistics; % BDI-architectures; % "because"; % behavior-based-AI; % Cf. situated-robotics %= embodied-robotics, behavioral-robotics % behavioral-economics; % behavioral-modules; % as in minimalist AI % behavioral-science-methodology; % behavior; % behavior-synthesis; %ie in artificial agents % behaviorism; % belief; % belief-acquisition; % belief-aggregation; % belief-pooling; %ie in multiagent systems %= belef-sharing % belief-propagation; % belief-revision; %= theory-change;belief-change;theory-revision;belief-dynamics % belief-update; %= use this for tracking actions and observations % Bell-inequalities; % Berry-paradox; % best-question-paradox % Beth's-theorem; % I.e., Beth's theorem on definability in FOL. % bias; %I.e., in utterances, as in Tag Questions % bibliography; %= bibliographies % bidirectional-parsing; % bilattices; %= four-valued-logic % bilingualism; % binary-decision-diagrams; % binding-theory; % biochemical-pathways; % biochemistry; % biographhy; % bioinformatics; % biolinguistics; % bio-inspired-AI; % biological-functions; % biological-networks; % biological-reasoning; % biophysics; % biopsychology; % biosemantics; % bird-migration; % bitstrings; % biscuit-conditionals; % Black-English; % blackboard-architectures; % blameworthiness; %= responsibility % blocking; %I.e., of usages in linguistics % Boltzmann-machines; % Bolzano; % boolean-algebras; % boolean-approximations; % boolean-games; % boolean-modal-logic; % boolean-monoids; % booleanization; % bootstrapping; % bounded-agents; % Especialy e.g. in economic models of limited rationality. % bounded-arithmetic; % brain-computer-interfaces; % brain-emulation; % branching-quantifiers; % branching-time; % Brentano; % Breton-language; % bridging-anaphora; % Defined in contentnotes in bib % British-philosophy; % broad/narrow-content; % I.e., in philosophy of mind % Buridan; % burden-of-proof; % 'but'; % Subtopic of contrastive-conjunctions;; % 'by'-construction; % e.g. in expressing means of action % Byzantine-agreement; % CAD; %= computer-assisted-design, computer-aided-design % call-routing; % Cantor's-theorem; % On nondenumerability of the reals % cardinality; % cardinality-restrictions; % Ie, in description logics % Carnap; % case-grammar; % case-based-reasoning; %= CBR % Castaneda; % casual-speech; %= relaxed-speech, cf. parsing-ungrammatical-input % catastrophe-theory; % categorial-grammar; % categoricity; % categorization; % Ie, in congitive psychology % category-mistakes; % selectional-restrictions % category-theory; % causality; %= causation % causal-decision-theory; % causal-explanations; % causal-(in)dependence; % causal-modeling; % causal-logic; % ie, in reasoning about time and action % causal-networks; %= influence-diagrams; causal-graphs; dependency-graphs; % causal-reasoning; % CCCP; %= Conditional construal of conditional probability; Stalnaker's thesis %= I think of Ramsey test as more general, since it could be %= construed qualitatively. %= probabilities-of-conditionals % cellular-automata; % centered-propositions; % centering; %= i.e., the theory of anaphora resolution % certainty; % ceteris-paribus-generalizations; % This is almost the same topic as "generics" but it is % the philosophical term %= prima-facie-generalizations %= ceteris-paribus-laws % chain-event-graphs; % chance; % change; % channel-theory; % cf barwise-seligman_j:1994a % chaos-theory; % chart-parsing; % chat-analysis; % chatbots; % Chechen-language; % chemical-synthesis; % child-language; % Chinese-language; % choice-constructs; % E.g., in programming languages % choice-sequences; % in intitionistic mathematics % Chomsky; % Church; % Church's-thesis; %= Church-Turing-thesis % circuit-design; % circumscription; % circularity; %ie especially for definitions % civilization; % clarification-dialogues; %= clarification-requests % clarity; % E.g. as in "it is clear that" % classic; % classification; % Use for misc classification problems % classification-of-corpus-information; % Use this as a general-purpose feature for classification % of misc features from corpora. % classification-of-visual-information; % classifier-algorithms; %= classification-algorithms, subsumption-algorithms %Cf. automatic-classification for general classification % classification-theory; %i.e., in mathematics % classroom-language; % clcourse; % cleft-constructions; % clinical-psychology; % clitic-doubling; % clitics; % closed-world-reasoning; % closure-algebras; % cluster-analysis; % cluster-concepts; %= family-resemblances, family-resemblance-concepts % coalition-formation; % coalition-logic; % coalgebras; % coalitional-games; % co-compositionality % code-switching; % cognitive-anthropology; % cognitive-architectures; % cognitive-disorders; % cognitive-dissonance; % cognitive-grammar; % cognitive-modeling; % cognitive-modularity; %= modularity-of-mind % cognitive-neuroscience; % cognitive-psychology; % cognitive-robotics; % cognitive-science-editorial; % cognitive-science-general; % cognitive-science-survey; % cognitive-semantics; %= jackendoff-semantics %= conceptual-structure, conceptual-semantics % cognitive-states; % cognitive-systems; % Roughly = Post-2012 research towards human-level-AI % cogsci-editorial; % cogsci-general; % cogsci-intro; % cogsci-methodology; % coherence; % and coherentism % coherence-graphs; % coincidence; % coindexing; %= co-indexing % I.e., in NL-syntax % collectivism; % color; % Mainly, philosophical work on color perception & the nature % of color % color-terms; % colored-Petri-nets; % collocations; %= phraseology % collaboration; % collaborative-learning; % collision-avoidance; % combinatorics; % combinatory-algebras; % combinatory-logic; %= variable-free-semantics % combined-qualitative-and-quantitative-reasoning; % combining-logics; % Not hybrid-logics % combining-systems; % i.e., software systems % commitment; % i.e., in deontic logic % cf.: discourse-commitment % common-nouns; % common-sense; % common-sense-entailment; % common-sense-knowledge; % common-sense-logicism; % common-sense-psychology; % common-sense-reasoning; %= commonsense-reasoning, cf. macro-formalization % communicating-with-the-handicapped; % communication-with-aliens; % interstellar-communication, communication-with-extraterrestrials % communications-modeling; % communication-models; % communication-protocols; %= communications-protocols % communicative-intentions; % cf. speaker-meaning % communicative-reliability; % = truthfulness; i.e. estimating relaibility of agents, % especially on the World Wide Web % comparison-classes; % comparative-grammar; % comparative-constructions; %= comparatives % Note: includes superlatives % competence; % (in)compactness; % (in)compatibilism; % compilation-techniques; % complementation; % completeness-theorems; % complex-adaptive-systems; % complex-demonstratives; % complex-modalities; % complex-predicates; % E.g., French faire % complex-systems; % complex-VPs; % E.g. "consider him a fool" % complexity; % Use this for measures of complexity other than comp space|time % complexity-in-AI; % complexity-in-linguistics; % complexity-logics; % complexity-lower-bounds; % complexity-of-theories; % complexity-theory; % componential-semantics; % compositionality; % composition-manual; %= stylistic-handbook, style-handbook, style-manual, %= English-composition % compositional-tables; %I.e., in automated relational reasoning % compound-nouns; %= noun-compounds, compound-nominals % compression-algorithms; % computable-analysis; % computable-model-theory; %= computable-models, recursive-model-theory, effective-model-theory % computability; % computability-logic; % Ie, proofs and algorithms rather than truth % computation-tree-logic; % i.e. CTL % computational-aesthetics; % computational-bargaining; %cf. auction-protocols % computational-creativity; % computational-dialogue; %= computational-discourse % cf spoken-dialogue-systems %=conversational-agents % computational-ecology; % computational-ethics; %= machine-ethics % i.e. as opposed to computers-and-ethics % computational-field-linguistics; % computational-game-theory; % computational-geometry; % computational-historical-linguistics; % computational-lexical-semantics; % computational-lexicography; %= machine-readable-dictionaries % computational-modeling; %Especially in psychology % computational-morphology; % computational-neuroscience; % computational-phonology; % computational-ontology; % computational-phase-transitions; % I.e, transitions to qualitatively different parts of a search space. % computational-philosophy; % computational-pragmatics; % computational-reading; % i.e., of script, handwriting % computational-semantics; % computational-social-choice; % computational-sustainability; % computationalism; %ie, in cogsci % computer-aided-design; % computer-architectures; % computer-art; % computer-assisted-biology; % computer-assisted-document-preparation; %= document-formatting %= word-processing % computer-assisted-education; % computer-assisted-educational-testing; % computer-assisted-genetics; % computer-assisted-instruction; % computer-assisted-language-development; % computer-assisted-language-learning; % computer-assisted-lexicography; % computer-assisted-linguistics; % computer-assisted-mathematics; % computer-assisted-physics; % computer-assisted-proof; % computer-assisted-science; % computer-assisted-scholarship; % computer-assisted-writing; %= computer-assisted-editing, text-editing, %= computer-assisted-text-production % computer-chess; % Subcategory of game-playing % CSCW; %= computer-supported-cooperative-work % computer-engineering; % computer-games; % I.e., games to be played by humans on computers. See % game-playing for computerized game playing, e.g. computer chess, % computer go, computer checkers. % computer-graphics; % computer-science-general; % computer-science-methodology; % computer-simulations; % computer-technology; % computer-vision; % computers-and-ethics; % computers-and-psychology; %= ethics-and-computers % computers-in-the-humanities; % concatenation; % concealed-questions; % conceptual-clustering; % concept-learning; % concepts; % conceptual-dependency; % conceptual-spaces; % concept-definitions; %i.e., in description-logics % concept-formation; % concept-grasping; %= understanding, concept-having, i.e. what it is %= to "have a concept" % concept-learning; % conceptual-frameworks; % conceptual-graphs; % conceptual-role-semantics; % concessive-conditionals; % concurrency; % concurrency-control; % E.g., in distributed databases % concurrent-actions; % conditional-attitudes; % conditional-assertion; % conditional-constructions; % conditional-excluded-middle; % conditional-independence; % conditional-obligation; % conditional-probability; %= deontic-conditional % conditional-random-fields; % conditional-reasoning; % conditional-task-graphs; % conditionals; %= conditional-logic % conditioning-methods; % I.e., in AI and other algorithms % conditions-on-transformations; % configuration; % confirmation-theory; % conflict; % conflict-resolution; % conjunctive-goals; % CNF; %= conjunctive-normal-form % connectionism; % connectionist-learning; % connectionist-models; %= neural-networks, connectionist-algorithms % connectionist-plus-symbolic-architectures; % consciousness; % I.e., phenomenal consciousness % consequentialism; % consistency-checking; % Cf. inconsistency-detection % consistency-proofs; %= This includes set theory, but cf. Hilbert's program % conspiracy-number-search; % constituent-structure; % constraint-based-grammar; % constraint-based-reasoning; % constraint-databases; % constraint-learning; % constraint-networks; % constraint-programming; % constraint-propagation; % constraint-logic-programming; % constraint-optimization; % constraint-programming; % constraint-satisfaction; %= constraint-solving % constraint-semantics; % construction-of-FSA;; % i.e. techniques for building finite state automata % cf. foundations-of-semantics % constructive-falsity; %= constructive-negation % constructivity; % constructive-logics; % constructive-mathematics; % consumer-behavior; % content-determination; % i.e., for nl generation % content-externalism; % i.e., as twin earth examples are supposed to argue for % content-internalism; % content-tagging; % I.e. marking a text for content, e.g. introducing html links. % context; % context-aware-computing; % context-change; % context-free-grammars; % context-grammars; % context-sensitivity; % I.e., of expressions in natural language % Cf. indexicals % contextual-reasoning; %= reasoning-about-context % contextualism; % contingency-planning; % contingent-a-priori; % continental-philosophy; % continuous-change; % continuous-branching-time; % continuity; % cf. continuous-branching-time; continuous-systems; % reasoning-about-continuous-time; % reasoning-about-continuous-quantities; % continuous-systems; % continuum-hypothesis; % contour; % I.e, in computer vision % contraction; % contractualism; % contraposition; % contrastive-conjunctions; % Including 'although', 'nevertheless', 'but' % contrastive-stress; % contrastivism; % control-theory; % convention; % convention-T; %= truth-schema % conventional-implicature; % conventionalism; % conversation; % conversation-analysis; % conversational-record; %= grounding-in-conversation, common-ground % conversational-update; % Conway-paradox; % cooperation; %= social-coordination % cooperative-games; % cooperative-principle; % coordinate-free-logic; % coordination; %= conjunction, not cooperation % coord-in-conversation; % copula; % core-logic; % corporate-management; %= industrial-management % corpus; % used only for citations of specific corpora % corpus-annotation; %= linguistic-annotation, cf. treebank-annotation, % cf. automated-corpus-annotation % corpus-linguistics; %= corpora; corpus-methods; corpus-techiques; corpus-methodology; %cf corpus-annotation %representation-of-ling-info % corpus-statistics; % corpus-tagging; % correspondence-theory-of-truth; % cosmology; % counterfactuals; % counterfactual-past; % counterfactual-similarity; %= counterfactual-closeness % counterpart-theory; % counterpossible-conditionals; % CP-nets; % Graphical representation, like Bayesian Nets, for preferences. % cf TCP-nets % crank-science; %= nut-science, fringe-science % Cf. religious-fanaticism % credal-networks; % Cree-languages; % creolization; % creativity; % creationism; % critical-thinking; % crossover; % crossword-puzzles; % cryptography; % cs-journalism; % cs-intro; % cultural-anthropology; % culture; % cut-elimination; % cumulative-logics; %I.e., "cumulative" in Makinson's sense % cumulativity; % The inference property in NM logic % Curry; % Curry-paradox; % cut-free-deduction; % cyber-physical-systems; % CYC; % cylindrical-algebras; % cyclical-events; % Czech-language; % Danish-language; % cf. Scandanavian-languages % databases; % database-integrity; % database-queries; % database-update; % database-views; % data-compression; % Datalog; % dataspaces; % data-fusion; % use this for integration of low-level information, % e.g. from sensors % data-graphs; % data-integration; % Finding a unified view of data from heterogeneous sources. % Lower-level, larger-scale than knowledge-integration % data-mining; % data-models; % data-oriented-parsing; % i.e., Scha's idea that experience is more imp than abstr % rules % data-prediction; % data-structures; % DATR; % David-Marr; % Davidson; % Davidson-semantics; % deaccenting; % Eg, removal of accent in repeated speech. % decidability; %= decision-procedures % deciding; % includes choosing % decipherment; % Esp of ancient languages % declarative-search-control; % declarative-programming; % deception; %= deceit % decision-analysis; % decision-evaluation; % decision-lists; % decision-making; % decision-making-under-uncertainty; % decision-modeling; % decision-procedures; % decision-support; % decision-theoretic-planning; % decision-theoretic-reasoning; % Other than planning % decision-theoretic-systems; % decision-theory; % decision-trees; % deconstructionism; % deductive-databases; %= logical-databases % deductive-reasoning; % default-finite-state-machines; % default-logic; % default-preferences; % I.e., not defeasible preferences (see qualitative-utility % for that topic, but preferences over defaults. %= ceteris-paribus-preferences % default-unification; %= nonmonotonic-feature-structures % defeasible-causality; % defeasible-knowledge; % definability; % definite-clause-grammars; % DCGs % definite-descriptions; % definiteness; % definitional-equivalence; % definitions; % deflationary-analyses; % Especially, of truth % degree-modifiers; % degree-phrases; % degree-semantics; % deixis; % deliberation; % deliberation-kinematics; % delineation-semantics; % delusion; % demonstratives; %= deixis, cf. complex-demonstratives % DeMorgan; % Dempster-Shafer-theory; % Daniel-Dennett; % denominal-verbs; % denotational-semantics; % deontic-dynamics; %= obligation-dynamics; % deontic-logic; % deontic-modals; % deontology; % dependence-logic; % dependency-grammar; %= dependency-syntax % depictives; % derivational-morphology; % Descartes; % description-logics; %= terminological-logics, taxonomic-logics, concept-languages, %= term-subsumption-languages % descripition-logics-applications; % descriptive-grammar; % descriptive-set-theory; % design-verification; % desire; %= desires % determinables; %= determinates % determiners; % (in)determinism; %= determinism, indeterminism %cf. concurrency % developmental-biology % developmental-psychology; %= cognitive-development % developmental-robotics; % device-modeling; % i.e., the modeling of various devices % subtopic of system-modeling % diagram-generation; % diagrams; % dialectology; % dialogical-semantics; % dialogue-agents; % dialogue-corpora; % dialogue-games; % dialogue-logic; % dialogue-models; % dialogue-simulation; % diagnosis; %= fault-detection % diagonalization-arguments; % dictionary; % dictionary-construction; % 'different'; % differential-equations; % digital-ghosts; % digital-photography; % Diodorus; % direct-discourse; %= quotation; quotation-constructions; semantics-of-quotation; % disagreement; % disambiguation; %= ambiguity-resolution % discernability; % discontinuous-change; % discontinuous-constituents; % discourse; % discourse-analysis; % discourse-anaphora; % discourse-coherence; % discourse-commitment; % discourse-contrast; %= contrast-in-discourse % discourse-connectives; % discourse-cue-words; %= discourse-markers, discourse-particles % discourse-focus; % also cf. sentence-focus % discourse-initiative; % discourse-management; % discourse-interpretation; % discourse-interruptions; % discourse-modeling; % discourse-pathology; % discourse-parsing; % discourse-planning; %= cf. document-planning % discourse-reasoning; % discourse-referents; %= discourse-entities aka discourse-markers % discourse-repairs; %= cf. speech-repairs % discourse-representation-theory; %= DRT % discourse-segmentation; % discourse-simulation; % discourse-structure; %= discourse-relations, text-structure, rhetorical-structure, RST % discourse-survey; % discourse-tagging; %= discourse-annotation, discourse-markup % discrete-mathematics; % discrete-systems; % discrimination; % disfluency; % disjoint-reference; % disjunction; % including meaning of 'or' % disjunction-in-nl; % disjunctive-logic-programming; % disjunctive-properties; % I.e., in philosophy, e.g. in reductionism % display-logic; % dispositions; %= dispositionals % disquotation; % disquotationalist-truth; % distance-metrics; % distractibility; % I.e., in cognitive psychology % distributed-AI; % distributed-databases; % distributed-cognition; % distributed-control; % distributed-file-systems; % distributed-knowledge; % distributed-problem-solving; % distributed-processing; % distributed-systems; %= distributed-processing, cf artificial-societies % Cf reasoning-about-distributed-systems % distributed-representations; % distributional-similarity; % I.e., of words in corpora. Cf semantic-similarity % distributive/collective-readings; % distributive-justice; % distributivity-of-quantifiers; % diversity; % document-classification; %= text-discrimination %= text-classification % document-design; % Used mainly for manuals; cf. document-formatting % document-formatting; % Used for text-formatting aspects of nlg; cf. document-design % document-planning; %= text-planning % document-structuring; % I.e., in NL Generation % domain-of-quantification; % domain-(in)dependence; % domain-modeling; % domain-theory; % dominance; % Donald-Davidson; % donkey-anaphora; % doxastic-deliberation; % dreaming; % d-topic; %= discourse-topic % dualism; % duality; % duration; % Dutch-book-argument; = money-pump % Dutch-language; % dynamic-environments; % dynamic-logic; % dynamic-epistemic-logic; % dynamic-predicate-logic; % dynamic-programming; % dynamic-semantics; % dynamic-systems; % dynamic-topological-systems; % early-Wittgenstein; % echo-questions; % I.e. questions without Q word order but with Q intonation % e-commerce; %= electronic-commerce % ecology; % econometrics; % economics-intro; % edge-detection; % edit-distance; % educational-psychology; % Jonathan-Edwards; % Joseph-Butler; % effectivity; % efficiency; % egalitarianism; % elaboration-tolerance; % EL-automata; % election-predictions; % elementary-analysis; % electrical-engineering; % ellipsis; % emacs-manual; % embedded-cognition; %= extended-cognition, extended-mind, embedded-mind, extended-self % Ie the idea that the mind extends outside of the body % embedded-systems % embodied-nlp; % includes embodied-conversational-agents; % embodiment; % emergence; % emergent-behavior; % emotion; % emotional-computing; %= affective-computing % emotion-recognition; %= emotions, cf. synthesized-emotions % emotive-expressions; % emotivism; % empathy; % i.e., as encoded in NL % empirical-methods-in-AI; % empirical-methods-in-cogsci; % empirical-methods-in-nlp; % empirical-methods-in-discourse; % empirical-methods-in-linguistics; % empiricism; % empty-domain; % English-language; % English-usage; % enion-probability-analysis; % A term of Strevens' % enterprise-modeling; % i.e., modeling business, government, etc. % entity-ranking; % entity-relationship-modeling; % entity-relation-extraction; % i.e., in information extraction % entity-resolution\; % enthymemes; % entrainment; % Context-induced lexical selection % environmental-ethics; % envisionment; % a (partly visual) act of imagination % epiphenomenalism; % epistemic-entrenchment; % epistemic-arithmetic; % epistemic-conflict; % epistemic-independence; % epistemic-logic; % epistemic-luck; % epistemic-modals; %= 'must', 'might' % Also inclusing some other epistemic constructions % epistemic-norms; % epistemic-reasons; % epistemic-semantics; % epistemic-utility; % epistemology; % epistemology-of-testimony; %= epistemology-of-disagreement % EPR; %= Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen % epsilon-operator; % choice-functions % equational-logic; % Erdos; % ergativity; % essays-on-science; % essence; % essentialism; % ethical-reasoning; % ethics; % ethics-and-sociology; % ethnolinguistics; % ethnology; % ethology; % ethnomethodology; % eudaimonia; % European-languages; % 'even'; % evaluative-terms; %= good, better % event-calculus; % event-individuation; % event-recognition; % event-semantics; % event-structure; % events; % eventualities; % '-ever'; % evidence; % evidential-constructions; %= evidentials % evidential-reasoning; % evidential-support; % evidentialism; % evidentiary-value; % evil; % evolving-algebras; % This is an idea of Gurevich's % evolution; % evolutionary-algorithms; % evolutionary-computation; % evolutionary-game-theory; % evolutionary-psychology; % evolutionary-theory; % evolving-algebras; % exaggeration; % exception-constructions; % incl. 'almost' % exclamatives; % excuses; % execution-monitoring; % ex-falso-quodlibet; % existential-constructions; %= expletive-there % existential-graphs; % existentialism; % exotic-logics; % experiencing-verbs; % experimental-AI; % experimental-computation; % experimental-economics; % experimental-logics; % experimental-planning; % experimental-philosophy; % experimental-psychology; % experimental-science; % cf. scientific-instrumentation % experimental-testing-of-kr-systems; % experiments-on-theorem-proving-algs; % expertise; % expert-relativity; % ie in the interpretation of words % expert-systems; % expert-nonexpert-communication; % explainable-AI; % explanation; % explanation-based-generalization; % explanation-based-learning; % explication; %Ie, as in Carnap % explicit-information; % explicit-performatives; % expected-complexity; % expected-utility; % expressive-completeness; % expressive-power; % expressives; %Ie, expressive constructions, performatives % expressivism; % Ie, mostly in ethics but also in aesthetics % expressivist-semantics; %= bilateral-semantics % extended-prediction-problem; % Term due to shoham-mcdermott:1988a % extended-logic-programming; % extended-std-theory; %= In transformational grammar % extensions-of-Bayesian-networks; % extensions-of-context-free-grammar; % extensions-of-kl1; % extensions-of-FOL; % extensions-of-resolution; % extralinguistic-uses-of-grammars; % (counter)factive-constructions; %= factive-verbs, factive-predicates % facial-expression; % facial-recognition; %= face-recognition % factivity; %= esp, of knowledge % factory-scheduling; % facts; % I.e., in philosophical ontology % fallacies; % fallibilism; % false-consensus; %Cf pluralistic-ignorance (A social psychology topic) % falsifiability; % family-resenblance; % FASTUS; % fault-aware-systems; % fault-tolerance; % fear; % feature-extraction; % eg, transformations of the acoustic signal that % reduce dimensionality of feature vectors % feature-selection; % ie, transformations of the acoustic signal that % reduce dimensionality of feature vectors % feature-structures; % feature-structure-grammar; % attribute-value-grammar % feature-structure-logic; % federated-databases; % feedback-systems; % fibred-semantics; % i.e., in modal logic % fibring-logics; % fiction; % fictionalism; % fictional-characters; % field-linguistics; % field-theory; % filler-gap-dependencies; % filtering; % Ie, as a reasoning technique in AI % filtration; % The model-theoretic technique in modal logic % financial-modeling; % finitary-logics; % finitary-methods; % finite-logics; %= Finite syntactic restrs, e.g. finitely many vars. % finitely-axiomatizable-logics; % i.e., finite-axiomatizability % finite-matrix; % finite-model-property; % Esp. in modal logic % finite-models; % Use this for finite models of FOL. Use "finite-matrix" % for finite matrices in many-valued logic. % finite-state-approximation; % E.g., of context free grammars % finite-state-automata; %= Finite state machines % finite-state-nlp; % finite-state-morphology; % finite-state-phonology; % finite-state-parsing; % finite-tree-automata; % finite-trees; % finitely-additive-probability; % Finnish-language; % first-order-logic; % first-order-modal-logic; %= quantified-modal-logic % first-order-tense-logic; %= elementary-logic, first-order-predicate-calculus, %= elementary-predicate-calculus % first-person; % Fitch-paradox; %cf knowability-paradox % fitness; %ie, in evolutionary theory % fixpoint-semantics; %= in logic programming % fixpoints; %INCLUDES inductive-definitions, recursive-definitions % floating-quantifiers; % fluent-calculus; % fluents; % focus; % use only for attentional focus. Cf discourse-focus, % sentence-focus % Fodor-Katz; % folk-linguistics; % folk-psychology; % folk-taxonomy; % force-dynamics; % forcing; % i.e., in model theory % forgetting; % foreknowledge; % forensic-linguistics; % language-and-law; legal-language % formal-language-theory; % formalization; % formalizations-of-arithmetic; % cf. number-theory, incl. Peano-arihmetic % formalizations-of-economics; % formalizations-of-geometry; % formalizations-of-linguistics; % formalizations-of-mathematics; % formalizations-of-nominalism; % formalizations-of-philosophy; % formalizations-of-physics; % formalizations-of-social-science; % formalizations-of-syntax; % foundations-of-AI; % foundations-of-algorithmics; % foundations-of-arithmetic; % Cf. second-order-arithmetic % foundations-of-biology; % foundations-of-cognition; % foundations-of-cogsci; % foundations-of-cognitive-neuroscience; % foundations-of-computation; % foundations-of-decision-theory; % foundations-of-economics; % foundations-of-ethics; % foundations-of-evolution; % foundations-of-game-theory; % foundations-of-genetics; % foundations-of-grammar; % foundations-of-HCI; % foundations-of-induction; % foundations-of-intuitionistic-logic; % foundations-of-kr; %= kr-foundations,foundations-kr % foundations-of-linguistics; % foundations-of-logic; % foundations-of-mathematics; % foundations-of-modal-logic; % foundations-of-music; % foundations-of-nonmonotonic-logic; % foundations-of-phonology; % foundations-of-planning; % foundations-of-pragmatics; % foundations-of-probability; % foundations-of-psycholinguistics; % foundations-of-psychology; % foundations-of-quantum-mechanics; % foundations-of-reasoning; % foundations-of-robotics; % foundations-of-semantics; % Including metasemantics; % foundations-of-set-theory; % foundations-of-sociology; % foundations-of-software-engineering; % foundations-of-statistics; % foundations-of-syntax; % foundations-of-tense-logic; % foundations-of-thermodynamics; % foundations-of-topology; % foundations-of-universal-grammar; % foundations-of-utility; % foundations-of-volition; % 4-valued-logic; %= four-valued-logic % fractals; % fractional-quantifiers; % frame-problem; % frames; % free-choice-'any/or'; %= free-choice-disjunction, also includes free choice constrs % in other languages and free-choice indefinite % free-choice-permission; % free-word-order; % freedom; %= free-will, freedom-of-the-will % Frege; % Frege-Geach-problem; % Frege-structures; % French-language; % frequency-estimation; % function; %= i.e., as in function of an artifact, OR as in % biomechanical functions % functional-dependencies; % i.e., between attributes, as in relational database theory % functional-grammar; %= systemic-grammar % functional-quantification; % E.g., as in 'Who does every man love most?' % functional-unification-grammar; % functionalism; % functionality; % i.e., functionality of artifacts % future-contingent-propositions; %= Master-Argument, Sea-Battle, logical-determinism, indeterminist-time % cf. determinism, branching-time % future-knowledge; %= prescience, knowledge-of-the-future % fuzzy-control; % fuzzy-logic; % fuzzy-set-theory; % Gaelic-language; % game-algebra; % game-logic; % An idea of Rohit Parikh's % game-playing; % game-semantics; % game-strategy; % game-theoretic-coordination; % game-theory; % game-theoretic-reasoning; % game-theoretic-semantics; % game-tree-pathology; % game-trees; % gauge-theory; % gaze; % GB-syntax; % gene-expression; % general-game-playing; % general-terms; % generalizations-of-finite-state-automata; % generalized-quantifiers; % generating-explanations; % generative-capacity; % ie, of a language % generative-semantics; % generic-objects; % generic-revision; % Use this for revision not otherwise classified % generic-themes; % ie of transitive verbs % generics; %=generic-constructions % genetics; % genetic-algorithms; %= evolutionary-algorithms, genetic-programming % genre-detection; % Gentzen; % geographical-reasoning; % geography; % geometrical-fallacies; % geometrical-reasoning; % cf. spatial-reasoning % geometry; % Georgean-language; % German-language; % gesture-recognition; % gestures; %= nonverbal-communication-acts, non-verbal-communication-acts % Gibbs-paradox; % Gibbs-sampling; % given-new; % glue-semantics; % goal-formation; %= gpal-generation % goals; % Goedel; %= Godel, G\"odel % goedels-first-theorem; %= incompleteness-theorem % goedels-second-theorem; % Gold's-theorem; % And the related model of learning in the limit % Golog; % 'good'; % Especially, studies of the meaning of this word. % good-writing; % government-binding-theory; % GPSG; % gradable-adjectives; %= scalar-predicates; % graded-modal-logic; % grammar-checking; % grammar-formalisms; % grammar-learning; %= grammar-induction % grammar-logics; % grammar-logicism; % grammar-specialization; % I.e., specializing computational grammars domains % grammatical-number; % grammatical-relations; % grammatical-writing; % granularity; % graph-based-reasoning; % graph-based-representations; % graph-coloring; % graph-theory; % grapheme-phoneme-translation; % graphics-generation; % Greek-language; % Grice; % group-action; %COLLECTIVE-ACTION, JOINT-ACTION, SHARED-AGENCY % group-attitudes; % group-planning; % group-plans; % group-psychology; % group-reasoning; % group-theory; % groupoid-semantics; % guarded-fragments; % guidance-for-academics; % Habermas; % haecceity; % hand-eye-coordination; % handedness; % hapax-legomena; %= low-frequency-words, also including unknown-words % "have"-constructions; % HCI; %= intelligent-interfaces, intelligent-user-interfaces % human-computer-interaction % HCI-intro; %= human-computer-interaction % healthcare; % Hebrew-language; % Heidegger; % hedging; % Hellenistic-philosophy; % help-systems; % Hempel-paradox; % hermeneutics; % hesitation-noises; %cf. nonlinguistic-noises % heterogeneous-reasoning; % heuristics; % hidden-Markov-models; % hidden-state-tasks; % I.e., tasks in which an important variable is not sensed. % hidden-variable-theories; % hierarchical-planning; % hierarchical-problem-solving; % higher-order-logic; %= typed-lambda-calculus % Cf. type-theory, % higher-order-modal-logic; % higher-order-probability; % higher-order-unification; % higher-order-programming-constructs; % higraphs; % HIL-simulation; %= human-in-the-loop-simulation % Hilbert; % Hilbert's-epsilon-function; % Hilbert's-program; % Hindi-language; % Hintikka; % historical-linguistics; % history-of-AI; %= AI-history % history-of-analytic-philosophy; % history-of-cogsci; % history-of-computer-science; % history-of-genetics; % history-of-economics; % history-of-ideas; % history-of-linguistics; % history-of-logic; % history-of-mathematics; % history-of-philosophy; % history-of-phonology; % history-of-physics; % history-of-probability; % history-of-psychology; % history-of-science; % history-of-semantics; % history-of-statistics; % history-of-set-theory; % history-of-theory-of-computation; % hoare-deduction; % Hohfeld; % holism; % hooded-man-paradox; %= masked-man-paradox % Horn-clause-abduction; % cf. rule-learning, logic-program-learning % Horn-approximation; % Horn-theories; % how-to-prove-it; % HPSG; % i.e., Head-driven-phrase-structure-grammar % html; % human-agent-interaction; % human-animal-interaction; % human-computer-decision-making; %= Decision making by mixed groups % human-computer-hybrization %= cyborg, bionics % human-genetics; % human-like-AI; % human-robot-interaction; % human-theorem-proving; % human-vision; % human-navigation; % Hume; % Hume's-Principle; % humor1; % Humor as genre % humor2; % Humor as topic of research % Hungarian-language; % Husserl; % hybrid-kr-architectures; % hybrid-modal-logics; % hybrid-logics, i.e., modal logics with terms ref to worlds % hybrid-reasoning-architectures; % multi-modal-reasoning % hyphenization; % hypothesis-generation; % hypothesis-management; % hypothetical-attitudes; % hypothetical-reasoning; % hyperarithmetical-hierarchy; % hypercomputation; % hypercube-systems; % hyperintensionality; %=logical-omniscience; This is problem of logical closure % Icelandic-language; % iconicity; % idealism; % identification; %ie, of objects % identification-across-documents; % i.e., the problem of guessing references in different % documents are coreferential %= cross-document-coreference % identity; % identity-of-indiscernables; % idiolects; % idioms; % IF-logic; % Ie, independence-friendly logic % Apparently an idea of Hintikka's % i-level/s-level; %= stage-level-predicates, individual-level-predicates % IIT; %= Integrated Information Theory (idea of Goulio Tononi's) % ill-formed-nl-input; % illocutionary-force % eg force-indicators % illusions; % imaginability; %= conceivability % imagination; % imaging; % I.e., in probabilility kinematics % image-depiction; % image-processing; % image-interpretation; % image-retrieval; % imperative-logic; % imperatives; % imperfective-paradox; % impersonal-subjects; % imitation; % implementations-of-decision-theory; % implicational-logics; % implicature; % implicit-cognition; %= unconscious-cognition % importance; % impossible-worlds; % incentivizing; % inchoatives; % incommensurability-in-ethics; % incommensurability-in-preference; % including incommensurability of obligations and of preferences % incommensurability-of-theories; %= Quine-Duhem-thesis % (in)consistency; % incomplete-symbols; %ie as in Russell's theory of descriptions % (in)completeness; % Eg as in Goedel's 1st theorem %= (un)axiomatizability % incongruous-counterparts; % inconsistency; %= contradiction % inconsistency-detection; % Cf. consistency-checking % inconsistency-management; % inconsistency-measurement; % incorporation; % indefiniteness; % independence; % independence-friendly-logic; % independence-proofs; % indeterminacy-of-content; % indeterminacy-of-translation; %= radical-translation, inscrutability-of-reference % Indian-logic; % indicative-conditionals; % indexicals; %= indexicality, includes essential-indexicals % Cf. context-sensitivity % Cf. self-locating-constructions % indifference; % indirect-discourse; % indirect-speech-acts; % individual-attitudes; % Ie, attitudes directed towards individuals: de res, de-res % Also use for de-res/de-dicto, de res/ de dicto, distinction % individual-concepts; % individuation; %= transworld-identity % indo-european-languages; % indo-european-history; % Indonesian-language; % induction; %= use this for empirical induction. See mathematical-induction. % inductive-definitions; %= recursive-definitions % inductive-inference; % inductive-logic; % inductive-logic-programming; % inductive-reasoning; % industrial-design; % industrial-organization; % inertial-worlds; % inference; % inference-rules; % inferentialism; % ie, including inferential-role-semantics % infinitary-logic; % infinitive-clauses; % infinitesimals; % infinite-Turing-machines; % infinity; % inflection; % influence-diagrams; % infon-logic; % informal-logic; % information; % Use this for generic or foundational studies on information % information-extraction; % information-flow-theory; %= Ie, as in Dretske, Barwise % informaton-fusion; % I.e., in big data % information-gathering-agents; % informational-ethics; %= ethics-of-information % information-integration; % This refers to automatic translation of formats, especially % in Internet applications % information-management; %= data-management % information-merging; % Different from "knowledge-integration". This refers % to single-agent merging of information from different % sensory inputs, i.e. synesthetic reasoning % information-ordering; % information-processing; % information-retrieval; % information-set; % information-state; % information-structure; % I.e., in linguistics. Not the information structure % used to model knowledge in game theory. % information-theory; % inheritance; % inheritance-in-lexicon; % inheritance-reasoning; % inheritance-roles; % inheritance-theory; % inhibition-nets; % innate-ideas; % inner-models; % innateness-of-language-ability; % including knowledge-of-language % input/output-logics; % input-output-systems; % inquisitive-semantics; % i.e., as formulated by Groenendijk % instinct; % institutions; % i.e., as in abstract model theory % Not social-institutions; % instrumental-constructions; % insurance; % I.e., in relation to risk management. % intelligence; % intelligent-information-retrieval; % intelligent-computer-assisted-language-instruction; %= ICALI, cf computer-assisted-language-learning % intelligent-security; % intelligent-tutoring; %= instructional-AI, intelligent-computer-assisted-instruction % intensifiers; %= emphatic-constructions % intensional-logic; % intensional-transitive-verbs; % intensionality; % intensionalization; % intensional-paradoxes; % including knower-paradox % intention; %= commitment, rational-commitment, goals; % intention-maintenance; %= goal-selection, intention-revision % intentional-identity; %intentional-coreference, Hobb-Nob-sentences % intentionality; % interactive-fiction; % interactive-machine-learning; % interactive-semantics; % interactive-systems; % intercoder-agreement; % interest-relativity % ie of knowledge and belief % interlinguas; %= i.e., in machien-translation % internalism; %= i.e., in epistemology % internal/external-properties; %= intrinsic-properties, internal-relations, external-relations % internal/external-reasons; % internalism/externalism; % Cf content-externalism % internet-general; %= www-general, world-wide-web-general % internet-based-language-documentation; % internet-based-nlp; % internet-security; % internet-technology; %= web-site-design % interoperability; % interpersonal-communication; % interpersonal-reasoning; %= reasoning-about-others; agent-modeling % interpolation-theorems; % interpretive-semantics; % interrogative-logic; %= erotetic-logic % interrogatives; %= questions cf. interrogative-logic % interval-based-probabilities; %= imprecise-probabilities, interval-probabilities % interval-algebras; % interval-logic; % i.e., in temporal logic % intonation; % intrinsic-images; % Ie, in computer vision % introspection; %= self-knowledge % intuitionistic-logic; %intuitionist-logic % intuitionistic-mathematics; % intuitions; % Inuit-language; %= Eskimo-language % inverse-spectrum-problem; %ie in philosophy of mind % irony; % Irish-language; % Iroquois-language; % irrationality; % irregularity; % is-ought-gap; % isomorphisms; % Italian-language; % iterated-attitudes; % iterative-deepening; % Japanese-language; % jargon; % JAVA; % JL-Austin; % John-McCarthy; % join-trees; % e.g., in causal networks % joint-attention; %= mutual-attention % joint-strategic-ability; % journalism; % journal-management; % judging; % judgment; % I.e., in traditional logic and epistemology % jump-operators; % justification; % Kant; % kernal-methods; % knowability-paradox; %cf Fitch-paradox % knowing-how; %=knowledge-how, knowhow, know-how % knowing-who; % including knowing-what % knowing-why; % knowledge; % knowledge-acquisition; %ie in both computers and humans % knowledge-base-integrity; % knowledge-base-queries; % knowledge-base-refinement; % knowledge-base-revision; % knowledge-base-update, knowledge-base-maintenance % knowledge-base-verification; % knowledge-based-programming; % knowledge-compilation; % knowledge-engineering; % knowledge-exchange; % Eg exchange of rules in distributed systems % knowledge-graphs; % knowledge-integration; %= multiple-knowledge-sources, information-integration, %= knowledge-merging cf "information-merging" which is %= different, data-integration, belief-merging %= knowledge-base-merging, combining-knowledge-sources %= semantic-integration %= judgement-aggregation % knowledge-of-language; % knowledge-of-possibility % knowledge-retrieval; % knowledge-sharing; % I.e., making large knowledge bases usable for many purposes % by many applications %= knowledge-reuse % knowledge-transfer; % I.e., adapting learned material from one application context % to another. % Korean-language; % kr; % I.e., knowledge-representation % kr-complexity-analysis; %= subtopic of: complexity-in-AI % kr-course; %= krcourse % kr-editorial; % kr-representation-languages; % kr-survey; % kr-systems; %= knowledge-representation-systems % kr-text; %= kr-textbook % Kripke; % Kwa-languages; % L1-acquisition; %= L1-language-learning %= first-language-acquisition %= expecially human acquisition of grammar % labeled-deductive-systems; % labeled-graphs; % labeled-transition-systems; % lambda-abstraction; % lambda-calculus; % ie, untyped lambda calculus % Cf. type-free-theories % Lambek-calculus; % language-and-cognition; % language-and-culture; % language-and-evolution; % language-comprehension; % ie, by humans % language-origins; % origins-of-language % language-change; % language-contact; % language-identification; % I.e., as a NLP problem % language-instruction; % language-learning; % language-reference; % I.e., esp. dictionaries % language-universals; % language-use; % L2-language-learning; % large-kr-systems; % large-numbers; % TeX/LaTeX-manual; % lattice-theory; % learnability; % I.e., in linguistic theory % learning; % learning-apprentices; % I.e. programs that learn by observing experts % Cf learning-by-imitation % learning-by-imitation; % learning-from-scratch; % Use this for attempts to characterize fundamental % learning processes. % learning-theory; % least-fixed-point-logic; % Leibniz; % legal-AI; %= AI-and-law % For Law as applied to artificial intelligences, see AI-and-law % legal-language; %= language-and-law % legal-precedent; % legal-reasoning; % legal-rules; % legged-motion; % David-Lewis; % Lesniewski; % levels-of-scientific-representation; %cf. natural-hierarchies % lexical-acquistion; % i.e., in psycholinguistics % lexical-ambiguity; % lexical-choice; %= lexicalization, i.e. in nl-generation % lexical-decomposition; % lexical-disambiguation; %= word-sense-disambiguation, word-disambiguation %= sense-tagging, sense-taggers % lexical-innovation; % lexical-processing; % lexical-rules; % lexical-selection; %= ie lexical selection in nl-generation % lexical-semantics; %= word-meaning % lexicography; % lexicon; % lexicalization; % limit-condition; %= limit-assumption % esp, in conditional logic % limit-proofs; %= epsilon-delta-arguments, epsilon-delta-proofs % limited-attention; % limited-rationality; %= bounded-rationality, Cf. resource-limited-reasoning % Use this topic for general theories that involve relaxations % of some ideal of rationality rather than for, e.g., % experimental studies of resource-limited planning % line-drawings; % Especially, reasoning about line-drawings % linear-derivation-systems; % linear-dynamic-logic; % linear-indexed-grammars; % linear-logic; % linear-orderings; % linear-programming; % linear-temporal-logic; % linguistic-archiving-projects; % linguistic-databases; % linguistic-feedback; % linguistic-information-retrieval; % linguistic-intuitions; % linguistic-naturalism; % linguistic-norms; % linguistic-relativity; %= Whorf-hypothesis, Sapir-Whorf-hypothesis % linguistic-style; % Ie, the theory thereof. % linguistic-theory-and-computational-linguistics; % linguistic-theory-survey; % linguistic-typology; %= typology % linguistic-variation; % linguistics-and-computation; % NO ENTRY FOR linguistics-and-philosophy; % See philosophy-and-linguistics % linguistics-classic; % linguistics-essays; % linguistics-history; % linguistics-general; % linguistics-intro; % Cf. syntax-intro % linguistics-methodology; % linguistics-misc-collection; % linguistics-terminology; % linguistics-tutorial-systems; % LISP; % lisp-tools; % literary-criticism; % literary-interpretation; % LF; %=logical-form, gb-semantics, mit-semantics % LFG; %=lexical-functional-grammar % local-modal-logic; % location; % location-logics; %= logics-of-location % locative-constructions; % Locke; % loebner-competition; % logic-ai-project; % logic-and-cognition; % Subsumes mental-models % logic-and-combinatorics; % logic-and-computational-linguistics; % logic-and-computer-science; % Use this for general works. % logic-and-language; % logic-and-law; % logic-and-linguistics; %= logic-linguistics, logic-in-linguistics % logic-and-ontology; %= logic-and-existence % logic-and-philosophy; % Reserved for attempts to formalize philosophy % logic-and-political-science; % logic-classic; % logic-collection; % logic-courseware; % logic-design; % logic-editorial; % logic-education; % logic-general; % logic-in-AI; % logic-in-CS; % logic-in-CS-intro; % logic-in-AI-survey; % logic-intro; %= logic-textbook % logic-methodology; % logic-misc; % logic-of-agency; %= agent-logics, logics-for-multiagent-systems % logic-of-ambiguity; % logic-of-context; %= contextual-formalisms % logic-of-existence; % nonexistent-objects, Meinongian-existence, cf. (non)existence % logic-of-imagination; % logic-of-information; % logic-of-memory; % logic-of-perception; %= naked-infinitive, bare infinitive %Also= Logics of Perception for AI % logic-of-sense-and-denotation; %= sense/denotation % logic-program-synthesis; % logic-program-update; % logic-programming; % logic-puzzles; % logic-survey; % logic-tutorial-systems; %= logic-software % logical-autonomy; % i.e. as in Prior's discussion of the autonomy of ethics % logical-connectives; % logical-consequence; %cf abstract-logical-consequence-relation; % logical-constants; % logical-content; %Note: content of a formula, as used e.g. in confirmation theory. % logical-determinacy; % logical-empiricism; % logical-form; % logical-geometry; %Ie, geometry of logical diagrams % logical-independence; % logical-philosophy; % logical-positivism; % logical-proportions; % logical-reasoning; % logical-space; % logical-syntax; % logicism; % long-distance-dependencies; % lottery-paradox; % lowenheim-skolem-theorem; % luck; % Lukasiewicz; % lying; % macro-formalization; % i.e., the formalization of domains % cf. micro-formalization % machine-intelligence; % mechanical-intelligence, mechanical-thought, computational-thought % machine-learning; % machine-language-learning; %= computational-language-learning, computer-language-learning % cf. word-acquisition % machine-readable-dictionaries; %= online-dictionaries % machine-translation; % macro-operators; % maintenance-goals; % management-science; %= theory-of-organizations % manner-adverbials; % many-sorted-logic; % map-building; % markedness; % market-dynamics; % market-oriented-algorithms; % market-oriented-programming; % Markov-chains; % Markov-decision-processes; %= Markov-decision-problems % Markov-logic-networks; % Markov-networks; % marker-passing; % market-modeling; %= financial-modeling % market-research; % mass-media; % mass-terms; % mass-term-semantics; %= mass-nouns, mass-noun-semantics % mathematical-biology; %= biomathematics % mathematical-constructions; % mathematical-economics; % mathematical-fallacies; % mathematical-induction; % mathematical-modeling; % mathematical-proof; % mathematical-writing; % mathematics-general; % mathematics-in-the-sciences; % mathematics-intro; % mathematical-logic; % mathematical-linguistics; % mathematical-reasoning; % Reserved for psychological/conceptual studies % mathematics-concepts-and-methods; % mathematics-popular; % mathematics-puzzles; % mathematics-primer; % mathematical-psychology; % cf how-to-prove-it, also a topic % math-in-behavioral-science; % mathematical-modeling; % maxims; % maximum-entropy; %= MAXEnt % meaning-and-culture; % meaning-normativism; % meaningfulness; % meaningfuless-in-style; % meaninglessness; % meaning-postulates; % measure-theoretic-semantics; % measure-theory; % measurement-in-behavioral-science; % measurement-theory; % measures; % i.e., expressions of measurement in Natural Language % mechanism-design; % mechanisms; % in philosophy of science % mechanistic-thesis; % ie, lucas etc % medical-AI; %= AI-in-medicine, AIM % medical-informatics; % medical-reasoning; % medieval-logic; %= Scholastic-logic % medieval-philosophy; % Meinong; % memory; % memory-based-reasoning; % memory-logics; % memory-models; % mendacity; % mental-events; % mental-language; %= language-of-thought % mental-models; % mental-modularity; %= cognitive-modularity; modularity-of-mind; % mental-pathology; % mental-simulation; %i.e. simulation esp by humans of other cognition % mental-representations; %= internal-representations, representationalism, % cognitive-representations % Mental representations in philosophy % mental-simulation-theory-of-folk-psychology; %I.e, the theory that the psych of other agents is mediated % by "simulation" % mereology; %= part/whole, cf. partonomies % mereotopology; % methodological-solipsism; % message-passing-algorithms; % message-understanding; % metacognition; % metadata; % metaethics; % metalinguistic-hierarchies; % metalogic; % metamathematics; % metaphilosophy; % metaphor; % metaphysics; % metaphysics-of-persons; % metaprogramming; % metareasoning; % metavaluations; %ie, interpretations using metalinguistic satisfaction conditions % metonymy; % metric-spaces; % micro-domains; % I.e., small worlds in AI used to test ideas. % micro-formalization; % i.e., the formalization of separate sentences, % cf. macro-formalization % microplanning; % i.e., in NL Generation % middle-constructions; % military-ethics % miner-puzzle; % mind-body-problem; % minimal-logic; % I.e., Johansson's minimal constructive logic % minimal-distance-principle; % ie, in syntax % minimal-models; % minimalist-syntax; % minimaxing; % minimum-description-length; % minimum-vertex-cover; % mirativity; % misconception-detection; % miscommunication; % misleading; % mission-specification; % mixed-initiative-systems; %= mixed-initiative-systems % mobile-computing; % mobile-robot-localization; %= position-estimation % modals; % modality; % cf relativized-modalities % modal-correspondence-theory; % i.e., in semantics of modal logic % modal-interpretation-of-qm; % i.e., of quantum mechanics % modal-logic; % modal-subordination; % ie, as in C. Roberts % Cf. intentional-identity % modal-term-logic % ie modalities indexed by variables % model-based-reasoning; % model-checking; %= model-construction, satisfiability-checking, SAT, SAT-solving % model-counting; % model-preference; %= preference-logic, preferential-entailment, preferential-semantics %= preferential-logics % model-approximation; % model-theory; % modern-Greek-language; % modular-domain-representations; % modularized-logics; %= partitioned-logics, partition-based-reasoning % modus-ponens; %= detachment, hypothetical-syllogism % molecular-biology; % monoid-semantics; % i.e., in linear logic % Montague; % Montague-grammar; % motives; %= motivation, objectives, incl multiple-motives, multiple-objectives % musical-interaction; % GEMoore; % Moore's-paradox; % moral-agency; % moral-conflict; %= conflicting-obligation, conflicting-obligations, %= moral-dilemmas (a slightly less general term) % moral-intuitions; % moral-judgements; %= ethical-judgements % moral-luck; % moral-psychology; % moral-realism; % Morgan's-canon; % in ethology % morphogenesis; % morphological-disambiguation; % morphology-acquisition; % morphology; % motion-mechanics; %= i.e., mechanical/geometical analysis of animal/robot motion % motion-planning; % motion-reconstruction; % Especially, but not only from images % motion-representation; % E.g., languages for representing movement, motion % motion-tracking; % motion-verbs; % motivation; %= motives % motor-control; %ie human and robot % motor-skills; %= motor-behavior % movement-rules; % I.e., in NL syntax % mu-calculus; % multiagent-deontic-logic; % multiagent-epistemic-logic; % multiagent-learning; %= group-learning % multiagent-planning; %= distributed-planning % multiagent-systems; %= multi-agent-systems, agent-based-computing % multiattribute-utility; %= multivariate-utility % multicontext-systems; % multidocument-processing; % multilingual-corpora; % including bitexts % multilingual-nlp; % Used for other than machine-translation % multilingual-lexicons; %= multilingual-dictionaries % multimedia-corpora; % multimedia-interpretation; %= multi-media-interpretation, multimodal-interpretation %= multi-modal-interpretation % multimedia-generation; %= multi-media-generation, multimodal-generation, %= multi-modal-generation % multimodal-communication; % multimodal-logic; %= multi-modal-logic % multiple-databases; % multiframes; % multiple-personality-disorder; % multitasking; % multivalued-logic; %= multivalued-logic;many-valued-logic;three-valued-logic; % multivalued-relevance-logic; % multivariate-statistics; % mutual-agreement; % mutual-attitudes; % mutual-belief; %= common-knowledge, mutual-knowledge, common-belief % mutuality; % I.e., generic mutuality, %= shared-attitudes % naive-physics; % named-entity-tagging; %= named-entity-extraction % naming-practices; % naming-systems; % nanotechnology; % narrative-generation; % narrative-genre; % narrative-representation; % narrative-understanding; % Nash-equilibria; % native-languages-of-North-America; %= native-American-languages, American-Indian-Languages % native-languages-of-Central-America; % native-languages-of-South-America; % nativism; % natural-deduction; % natural-hierarchies; % E.G., as in Unified Theories of Cognition % cf. levels-of-scientific-representation % natural-kinds; % natural-language/formal-language; % natural-laws; %= scientific-laws, laws-of-nature % (un)natural-predicates; % as in grue/bleen % natural-regularities; % natural-selection; % naturalism; %eg, in ethics % naturalistic-decision-making; % necessary-truth; % negation; %= denial % negation-as-failure; % negative-concord; % negotiation; % negotiation-subdialogs; % neighborhood-semantics; % neologicism; % neoplatonism; % network-routing; % network-models; % networks; % neural-computation; % neurocognition; % neuroimaging; % neurolinguistics; % neuroscience; % Newcomb-problem; % Newton; % n-gram-models; % Eg, in statistical language modeling %= language-modeling % nl-agreement; %= agreement % nl-algorithms; % nl-and-logic; %= natural-language-and-logic % nl-as-kr; %= natural-language-as-kr % nl-case; %= case % nl-causality; % nl-causatives; %= natural-language-causatives % nl-comprehension-philosophy; %= nl-understanding % nl-inference; % nl-generation; % nl-generation-algorithms; %= natural-language-generation % nl-generation-and-cognition; %= natural-language-generation-and-cognition % nl-generation-and-interpretation; % nl-generation-from-proofs;; % Cf. nl-proofs % nl-instructions; % instructions; % i.e., as a genre % nl-interfaces; % nl-interpretation; %= natural-language-interpretation % nl-kr; %= natural-language-kr % nl-metaphysics; %= natural-language-metaphysics % nl-modality; %= natural-language-modality % nl-mood; %= natural-language-mood % nl-negation; %= natural-language-negation % nl-polysemy; %= polysemy % nl-production; % I.e., psycholing studies of generation % nl-processing; %= natural-language-processing, NLP %= computational-linguistics; See statistical-nlp; % nl-proofs; % Cf. nl-generation-from-proofs; % nlp-architectures; % nlp-intro; %= cl-intro, computational-linguistics-intro % nlp-bibliography; % nlp-programming; % nlp-algorithms; % nlp-and-linguistics; % nlp-evaluation; % nlp-history; % nlp-lexicons; % nlp-pedagogy; % nlp-semantics; % nlp-survey; %= computational-linguistics-survey % nlp-technology; %= applied-nlp % nlp-editorial; %= cl-editorial % nl-quantifier-scope; % nl-quantifiers; %= natural-language-quantifiers, quantifiers, %= nl-quantification, natural-language-quantification % nl-realization; % I.e., realization in nl-generation % nl-semantic-representation-formalisms; % nl-semantics; %= natural-language-semantics, semantics % nl-semantics-and-cognition; %= natural-language-semantics-and-cognition % a subtype of psychological-reality % nl-semantic-types; %= natural-language-semantic-types, nl-semantic-categories % nl-soar; %= natural-language-soar % NL-Soar; % nl-statistics; % nl-syntax; %= natural-language-syntax % nl-syntax-and-cognition; % nl-tense; %= natural-language-tense % nl-to-logic-mapping; % I.e., computational formalisms for nl-to-logic % nl-translation; % nl-tutoring; % I.e, tutoring using NL. Not tutoring _of_ language % nm-ling; % nl-voice; % noise-modeling; % nominal-constructions; %= nominalization % nominal-logics; % nominalism; % nominalistic-semantics; % nominalization; % nonadjunctive-logics; % Where adjunction is p,q |- p % non-co-reference; % noncognivism; % (non)accidental-generalizations; % nondeterministic-action; %= indeterminist-action % nondeterministic-matrices; % nondeterministic-semantics; % (non)existence; % cf. logic-of-existence % nonlinear-mathematics; % nonlinear-morphology; % nonlinear-phonology; % nonlinear-systems; % nonlinguistic-grammars; % nonlinguistic-noises; % Note -- e.g. grunts, hesitation noises I need a better term --RT % non-monotone-inductive-definitions; % nonmonotonic-conditionals; %= normality-conditionals, defeasible-conditionals % nonmonotonic-logic; %= NM-logic % nonmonotonic-prioritization; %= nm-prioritization % nonmonotonic-reasoning; %= nm-reasoning, default-reasoning, defeasible-reasoning % nonmonotonic-reasoning-algorithms; % nonmonotonic-reasoning-survey; %= nm-reasoning-survey % nonrestrictive-relative-clauses; % non-sentential-utterances; % nonstandard-analysis; % nonstandard-models; %i.e., including generalized models % nonstandard-probability; % Including not only prob based on nonstd reals but % "Nonmonotonic-probability" % nonstandard-set-theory; % nontransitive-logic; % nonverbal-behavior; % nonwellfounded-sets; %= non-wellfounded-sets, nonwell-founded-sets, non-well-founded-sets % norm-aware-programming; % normative-positions; % normative-systems; % normativity; % normality; % Norwegian-language; % cf. Scandanavian-languages % noun-phrases; % noun-phrase-parsing; % noun-phrase-semantics; % noise-reduction; % Especially in reasoning about sensory input % noisy-channel-models; % Norwegian-language; % novel; % 'now'; % novice-misunderstandings; %= mind-bugs % number-theory; % Not including formalizations. See formalizations-of-arithmetic % numerical-algorithms; % numeric-reasoning; % object-identification; %= object-detection % object-oriented-analysis; %= object-oriented-design % object-oriented-databases; % object-oriented-formalisms; % object-oriented-programming; % object-oriented-systems; % object-migration; % E.g., in ontologies, object-oriented databases % object-recognition; % object-tracking; % obligation; % obligation-update; % observation; % A topic in epistemology and philosophy of science % observation-explanation; %ie explanation of observations, esp. perceptual observations % obsession; % Ockham; % oculomotor-control; % offensiveness; % omega-consistency/completeness; % omega-inconsistency; % omnipotence; % old/new-information; % omissions; % i,e, as opposed to commissions; refrainings % omniscience; % on-denoting; % online-communities; % online-structure-theory; % 'only'; %= and, more generally, exclusive constructions % 'only-if'; % only-knowing; % ontological-argument; % ontology-based-data-access-systems; % ontological-commitment; % ontological-query-processing; % ontology; % ontology-alignment; % operationalism; % operations-research; % operating-system-manual; % operator-scope; % including quantifier-scope in formalized languages % optical-flow; % optimality; % Especially of algorithms or protocols % optimality-theory; % optimization; %= of parameters in AI, psychology, economics % orbital-dynamics; % order-of-magnitude-reasoning; % order-sorted-logic; %= I.e., in logic programming % order-theory; %= I.e., theory of ordering relations % ordered-disjunctions; %ie, in logic programming % ordinal-arithmetic; % ordinal-logics; % ordinary-language-philosophy; % organizational-memory; % other-minds; % other-modeling; % I.e. not only other people but bats etc. % 'ought'; % Eg, meaning of 'ought' % outlier-detection; % overfitting; % i.e., in machine-learning % OWL; % i.e., the description logic for ontology development % P=NP-problem; % PAC-learnability; % PAC-learning; % pain; % paraconsistency; %= dialethism; % paraconsistent-mathematics; % paraconsistent-reasoning; % paradigm-case-arguments; % paradox-of-analysis; % paradox-of-the-preface; %= preface-paradox, cf. lottery-paradox % paradoxes; % paradoxes-of-motion; %= Zeno's-paradoxes % Cf. paradoxes-of-physical-infinity % paradoxes-of-physical-infinity; %= supertasks % parallel-processing; % parameter-setting; %= In language-learning models % parametric-logic; % paraphrasing; % I.e., automatic paraphrasing of texts % parasitc-gaps; % parentheticals; % parsing-algorithms; % parsing-complexity; % parsing-as-deduction; % parsing-optimization; % parsing-psychology; %= garden-path, sentence-comprehension % parsing-ungrammatical-input; %= extragrammaticality, cf. robust-parsing % participant-roles; % in speech acts, e.g. speaker, hearer, term is Goffman's % part-of-speech-tagging; %= tagging;taggers;wordclass-tagging; cf. corpus-tagging % partial-equilibrium-logic; % partial-evaluation; % Ie, partial evaluation of programs % partial-logic; % partial-models; % partial-observability; % Partial information from sensors % partial-order-planning; %= nonlinear-planning % partitioned-search; % particular/universal; %= particular (in metaphysics) universal (in metaphysics) % particularism; % partitioning-algorithms; % partitive-constructions; % partonomies; %= part-whole-relations % passive; %= passivization % path-planning; % PAT-trees; % PATR; % pattern-databases; % pattern-matching; %= pattern-recognition % PDMPs; %= partially-observable-Markov-processes %= POMPDs % Peirce; % Also cf. existential-graphs % penalty-logic; % people-recognition; % perception; % perceptrons; % perceptual-concepts; % perceptual-content; % perceptual-discrimination; % perceptual-reasoning; % perfective-aspect; % performative-analysis; % PERL; % permission; % personal-identity; % personal-name-recognition; %= proper-name-recognition % personal-pronouns; % personality-simulation; %= personality-modeling % perspective-sensitive-constructions; % perspective-sensitive-reasoning; % persuasive-discourse; % Petri-nets; % phenomenalism; % phenomenal-continua; % phenomenal-properties; % phenomenology; % philosophical-analysis; % philosophical-anthropology; % philosophical-logic; % philosophical-methodology; % philosophical-ontology; % philosophical-psychology; % philosophical-realism; % philosophical-reasoning; % philosophical-thought-experiments; % philosophy-and-cogsci; % philosophy-and-computers; % philosophy-and-language; % philosophy-and-linguistics; %= linguistics-and-philosophy % philosophy-and-models; % E.g., as in Mary Hesse, Max Black % philosophy-AI; %= philosophy-and-AI, philosophy-of-AI, phil-AI, AI-phil % philosophy-classics; % philosophy-cogsci; % Use for inrteractions between philosophy and cogsci % philosophy-collection; % philosophy-education; %= teaching-philosophy, educational-philosophy % philosophy-essays; % philosophy-general; % philosophy-handbook/encyclopedia; % philosophy-instruction; % philosophy-intro; % philosophy-of-AI; % philosophy-of-action; %= action-theory (philosophical) % philosophy-of-anthropology; % philosophy-of-belief; % philosophy-of-biology; % philosophy-of-change; % philosophey-of-chemistry; % philosophy-and-computer-science; % philosophy-of-cogsci; %= philosophy-of-cognitive-science % philosophy-of-cognitive-neuroscience; % philosophy-of-computer-science; % philosophy-of-computing; % i.e., computing technology, as opposed to computer science % philosophy-of-computation; % philosophy-of-evolution; % philosophy-of-economics; % philosophy-of-genetics; % philosophy-of-geometry; % philosophy-of-history; % philosophy-of-information; % philosophy-of-language; % philosophy-of-law; % philosophy-of-linguistics; % philosophy-of-literature; % philosophy-of-logic; % philosophy-of-mathematics; % philosophy-of-mind; % philosophy-of-neuroscience; % philosophy-of-perception; % philosophy-of-physics; % philosophy-of-possible-worlds; %= modal-realism % philosophy-of-psychology; % philosophy-of-reasoning; % philosophy-of-representation; % philosophy-of-science; % philosophy-of-sensation; % and the senses % philosophy-and-social-science; % Use for interactions between philosophy and social science % philosophy-of-social-science; % philosophy-of-software-engineering; % philosophy-of-space; % philosophy-of-technology; % philosophy-of-time; % philosophy-reference; % phonetic-alignment; % phonetics; % phonology; % phrasal-terms; % General category including compound Ns, tech terms, idioms, % collocations % physical-determinism; % physical-realizations-of-computation; % physical-reasoning; % physical-search; % physical-time; % physicalism; % physics; % physics-biography; % physics-learning; % physics-speculative; % Pierre-puzzle; % plan-diagnosis; % plan-description; % plan-evaluation; % plan-execution; % plan-maintenance; %= plan-revision, replanning, plan-management % plan-monitoring; % plan-recognition; %= intention-recognition % plan-verification; % plan-reuse; % cf. proof-reuse, plan-modification % planning; % planning-algorithms; % planning-applications; % planning-formalisms; % planning-graphs; % planning-systems; %= Also cf. action-formalisms % plans; % Esp in philosophy % Plato; % plausibility-measures; %= As used by Nir Friedman % plenitude; % plot-management; %= E.g., in interactive-fiction % pluralistic-ignorance; % Cf. false-consensus (A social psychology topic) % pluractionality; % Constructions involving reference to many eventualities; % see lasersohn:1995a. % plural; % plural-logics; % plural-quantification; % pluralism; % pluralities; % point-of-view; % poker-playing; % poetics; % polarity; %= Subsumes positive-polarity, negative-polarity, NPI % polarity-sensitivity; % policy-making; %= social-policy-making, public-policy % Polish-language; % Polish-logic; % politeness; % political-economy; % political-philosophy; % polyadic-pi-calculus; % polymorphism; %= type-ambiguity % polynomial-algorithms; % polynomial-ring-calculus; % poly-sequent; % polyvalency; % pool-playing; % popular-AI; % popular-cs; % popular-computer-science; % popular-linguistics; % popular-logic; % popular-philosophy; % popular-physics; % popular-science; % population-ethics; % population-statistics; % possessives; % possibilistic-logic; % possibility; % possibility-theory; %= As in the work of Didier Dubois % possible-worlds-semantics; % possible-worlds; % Post-completeness; % postmodernism; % poststructuralism; % potentiality; % pr-course; % Temporary for Winter 2014 only % practical-argumentation; % practical-reasoning; %= practical-reason % practical-syllogism; % pragmatic-reasoning; % pragmatic-validity; % pragmatic-scales; % A term of Fauconnier's % pragmatic-processing; % pragmatics; % pragmatics-course; % predicate-adjectives; % predicates-of-taste; % predication; % predicate-nominals; % predicative-nps; % as opposed to attributive % (im)predicativity; % in foundations of mathematics, Poincare-Weyl, also % Russell's solution to the paradoxes %= cf. ramified-type-theory % predictability; % predicted-behavior-and-obligation; % This is the problem of the role of predicted behavior % in determining what one ought to do %= self-preemption, future-actions % preference-aggregation; % preference-discounting; % Especially discounting of future preferences % preference-dynamics; % preference-elicitation; %= value-elicitation, utility-elicitation % preference-learning; % preference-logics; % preference-modelng; % Use this for preferences of non-human agents % preference-representation; % preference-revision; %= preference-change, preference-dynamics, % preferences; % pregroups; % prepositional-attachment; %= PP-attachment % prepositions; % prescriptive-linguistics; % preservationism; %ie in paraconsistent logic % presocratic-philosophy; % presupposition; % pretense; %= pretending % prevention; % primary/secondary-qualities; % primatology; % prima-facie-obligation; % Use the following for contrary-to-duty-obligations; % reparational-obligations; % prime-implicants; % primitive-conditional-probability; %= Popper-functions % principia-mathematica; % principle-based-parsing; % principles-and-parameters-syntax; % Prior; % i.e., Arthur Prior, the logician % prioritized-default-logic; % prioritized-logic-programming; % prisoner's-dilemma; % privacy; %= reserve this for the ethical and legal category % private-language; % privativity; % e.g. in privative adjectives % privileged access % i.e. in philosophy of mind and epistemology % production-systems; % probabilistic-algorithms; % probabilistic-databases; % probabilistic-description-logics; % probabilistic-grammars; % probabilistic-knowledge-bases; % probabilistic-parsers; %= Cf statistical-parsing = probabilistic-parsing % including probabilistic-context-free-grammars, PCFGs % probabilistic-planning; % probabilistic-reasoning; % probability; % probability-elicitation; % probability-intro; % probability-judgments; % probability-kinematics; %= probability-updating, conditionalization, probability-update, probability-revision % probability-measures; % probability-semantics; %=probability-logic, probability-logics, probabilistic-logic % probability-theory; % problem-decomposition; % problem-reformulation; % problem-solving; % problem-solving-architectures; % problem-specification; % procedural-control; % Especially formalizations of control strategies in AI % procedural-semantics; % process-algebras; % process-recognition; % pro-forms; % especially non-nominal forms, e.g. 'so' % programming-manual; % programming-languages; % programming-systems; % program-revision; % program-specification; % program-synthesis; % program-termination; % program-transformations; % program-verification; % progression; % progressive-aspect; % projectable-predicates; %I.e., in Goodman's formulation of the paradoxes of confirmation % projection-problem; %I.e., in reasoning about action and change % projective-geometry; % Prolog; % promising; % pronouns; % pronunciation-models; % proof-checking; % proof-complexity; %= proof-length % proof-editing; % proof-planning; % proof-reuse; % proof-search; % proof-techniques; % Reserved for manuals attempting to improve students' % theorem-proving skills % proof-theory; % proof-theoretic-semantics; % proofs-as-discourse; % propensity; % proper-names; % properties; % proportional-quantifiers; % e.g., 'most' % property-theory; % propositional-attitude-ascription; %= problem of user-modeling for propositional attitudes % propositional-attitude-reports; % propositional-attitudes; %= See structured-propositions, epistemic-logic % propositional-functions; % propositional-quantifiers; %= propositional-quantification % propositions; % protocol-analysis; % protocol-design; % prosody; % prospect-theory % Protagoras-vs-Euathlus-paradox; % prototype-theory; % prototypical-knowledge; % Eg, knowledge of prototypical situations % provability-logic; % Ie, Lob-logic, Loeb-logic, L"ob-logic, Grzegorczyk-logic % proxy-functions; % As in quine:1992a, pp. 31-2 % pseudo-imperatives; % Eg, "Say that again and I'll punch you in the nose" % psych-verbs; % psycholinguistics; % psychological-reality; % cf nl-semantics-and-cognition % psychologism; %Especially, in logic % psychology-general; % psychology-of-emotion; % psychology-of-decision-theory; % psychology-of-deduction; % psychology-of-discourse; % psychology-of-learning; % psychology-of-logic; % psychology-of-mathematics; % psychology-of-perception; % psychology-of-pretense; % psychology-of-reasoning; % psychology-of-technology; % psychometrics; %= psychological-assessment % psychotherapy; % public-announcements; % public-policy; % Including public-announcement-logic % punctuation; % Hilary-Putnam; % qualia; % qualification-problem; % qualitative-differential-equations; % qualitative-equilibria; % as in game theory % qualitative-geometry; % qualitative-methods; %= qualitative-research % qualitative-modeling; %ie more general than qualitative-physics, eg includes economics % qualitative-physics; % qualitative-probability; % qualitative-process-theory; % qualitative-reasoning; % qualitative-simulation; % qualitative-utility; %= qualitative-decision-theory, qdt % quantales; % quantification; % quantified-argument-calculus; % A calculus handling quantifiers somewhat more like NL % quantifier-elimination; % quantifier-float; % quantified-boolean-logic; % quantifiers; % quantifying-in-modality; %= quantifying-in;quantification-in-modality; %= quantifying-in-modal-logic %= trans-world-identification; identification-across-worlds; % cf. essentialism; cf. individuation; % cf. also identification-across-documents; % quantum-algebras; % quantum-branching; %= many-worlds-theory, Everett-Wheeler % quantum-chaos; % quantum-computing; % quantum-electrodynamics; % quantum-entanglement; % quantum-field-theory; % quantum-gravity; % quantum-logic; % quantum-mechanics; % quasi-ordered-transition-systems; % i.e., in program verification % Quechua-language; % query-answering; % for data bases with query languages % query-containment; % ie in databases: When given ground facts I is every answer to q1 an % answer to q2 % query-evaluation; % query-languages; % query-planning; % question-answering; % General question answering % question-begging; %= begging-the-question % question-under-discussion; %= QUD % Quine; % racial-epithets; % racial-stereotypes; % radical-contextualism; % ie use for eg Travis' arguments against compositionality % radical-interpretation; % ramification-problem; % cf. ceteris-paribus-generalizations, % other-things-being-equal % ramified-type-theory; % F.P.Ramsey; % Ramsey-elimination; % i.e., elimination of theoretical terms using Ramsey's method %= Ramsey-sentences % Ramsey-test; % randomness; % range-data; % I.e., in computer vision % ranking-functions; % As in Spohn, %= ranking-theory % rational-acceptance; % rational-action; % rational-mechanics; % rationality; % rationality-and-cognition; % Rawls; % reason-based-preferences; % reactive-AI; %= as in Rodney Brooks' approach, cf minimalist-robotics %= situated-AI % reactive-planning; % reactive-systems; % reading; % as a cognitive skill % real-closed-fields; % real-properties; % real-time-systems; % realizability; %= in particular, recursive realizability % reasoning; % reasoning-about-achievability; %= cf ability % reasoning-about-actions; %= Use this for action-theory (computational) % reasoning-about-alternatives; % reasoning-about-attitudes; % reasoning-about-change; % This is reserved for change not ascribable to actions % reasoning-about-complex-objects; % reasoning-about-computer-programs; % reasoning-about-consistency; % reasoning-about-continuous-time; % reasoning-about-continuous-quantities; % reasoning-about-distributed-systems; % reasoning-about-emotions; % reasoning-about-games; % reasoning-about-goals; % reasoning-about-graphs; % reasoning-about-inconsistency; % reasoning-about-institutions; % reasoning-about-intentions; % reasoning-about-knowledge; %= reasoning-about-knowledge, cf reasoning-about-attitudes % reasoning-about-mental-states; % reasoning-about-motion; %cf motion-representation % reasoning-about-noisy-sensors; % reasoning-about-norms; % reasoning-about-obligation; % reasoning-about-observations; % reasoning-about-perspective; % reasoning-about-physical-systems; % reasoning-about-preferences; % reasoning-about-probabilities; % reasoning-about-programs; % reasoning-about-sequences; % reasoning-about-uncertainty; % reasoning-in-time; % reasoning-under-inconsitency; %ie, reasoning in the presence of inconsistency % reasoning-with-diagrams; %= diagrammatic-reasoning, diagram-logic % reasoning-with-queries; % reasons; % reasons-for-action; %= mental-causation, reasons-and-causes, internal-reasons % reasons-for-belief; % reasons-for-conclusions; % reasons-for-knowledge; % reciprical-constructions; %= reciprocals % reconception; % reconfigurable-manufacturing-systems; % recursion; % recursion-theory; %= recursive-functions % recursive-transition-networks; %=RTNS % reduction; %= reductionism, reducibility % redundancy-elimination; % redundant-literals; % reduplication; % reference; % reference-fixing; % reference-gaps; %= free-logic, free logic, nondenoting terms, nonreferring terms % non-reference, non-referring-terms, empty-names % reference-grammars; %= descriptive-grammars % reference-resolution; % ie, in NLP, including anaphora-resolution, ellipsis-resolution % implicit-entity-construction % cf anaphora-resolution % referent-systems; % referential-indices; % referring-expressions; % Especially in NL Generation % referential-opacity; % reflection-principles; % reflective-knowledge; % eg knowledge of knowledge, knowledge of belief % reflexive-constructions; % refraining; % refutation-systems; % region-connection-calculus; % regress-arguments; % regression; % regret; % Reichenbach; % reinforcement-learning; % relation-algebras; % relational-nouns; % relational-grammar; % relational-reasoning; % relations; % relative-clauses; % relative-interpretability; % relative-necessity % relativism; % ie, about bearers of truth % relativity-theory; % relativized-modalities; % relaxation-methods; % Especially in constraint satisfaction % relaxations-of-classical-probability; % relevance; %= Especially in AI % relevance-theory; %= I.e., the Wilson-Sperber theory of implicature % relevance-logic; % i.e., paraconsistent-logic % relevant-predication; % religious-fundamentalism; % remoteness; % ie, in languages % renormalization; % ie, in statistical physics, esp QFT % repair-planning; % reparational-obligations; % ie, contrary-to-duty-obligations ie, good-Samaritan, % ie, Chishohm's-paradox % repeated-games; % reported-speech; % representation; % representation-of-ling-info; % representation-theorems; % representing-agent-knowledge; % responsibility; % resolution; % Subtopic: SL-resolution % resource-aware-logics; % resource-limited-game-theory; % resource-limited-reasoning; % Cf. limited-rationality % restricted-logics; % This is a miscellaneous category. % restricted-quantifiers; % resultative-constructions; % resumptive-pronouns; % rete-networks; % reverse-mathematics; % reversible-grammar; % reverse-Sobel-sequences;; % revision-rules; '% ie, in definitions % rewriting-logic; % rhetoric; %= including rhetorical devices % rhetorical-structure-theory; %= RST %cf discourse-structure % rhyme; % right-dislocation; % rights; % rigid-designators; % risk; % risk-management; % risk-sensitivity; % Romance-languages; % RoboCup; %= robot-soccer % robot-control; % robot-disobedience; % robot-legal-and-ethical-status; % robot-motion; % robot-human-interaction; % robot-navigation; % robotics; % robots-in-architecture; % robust-AI; % robust-parsing; % Romanian-language; % Ross'-paradox; % rough-sets; % route-planning; % routing-games; % rule-based-reasoning; %= production-systems, rule-based-systems % rule-following; % As in Wittgenstein's "Investigations" % rule-learning; % cf. Horn-clause-abduction %= horn-clause-learning, logic-program-learning % rule-ordering; % rules-and-regulations; % runtime-prediction; % Russell; % Russell-paradox; %= set-theoretical-paradoxes, Burali-Forti-paradox, etc. % Russian-language; % Ryle; % s-topic; %= sentence-internal-topic % safety-engineering % salience; % Salish-languages; % 'same'; % sameness/difference; % sampling-strategies; % sarcasm; % Sartre; % SAT-based-planning; % satisficing; % scalar-implicature; % scalar-reasoning; % I.e., especially in psychology of semantic processing % scaled-up-algorithms; % Scandanavian-languages; % scene-reconstruction; %= scene-analysis % scheduling; %= task-sequencing % scholastic-philosophy; %= medieval-philosophy % science-and-contemporary-culturemmentary; % science-biography; % science-commentary; % science-essay; % science-fiction-and-philosophy; %= philosophy-of-science-fiction % science-reporting; % scientific-data; %= scientific-phenomena, evidence in science, scientific methodology % scientific-change; % scientific-databases; % scientific-discovery; % scientific-documents; % scientific-instrumentation; % scientific-methodology; % scientific-models; % scientific-reasoning; % scientific-thought-experiments; % Scott-domains; % search; % Searle; % second-language-instruction; % second-order-arithmetic; % secondary-obligations; % security-games; % selection-functions; % esp in applications other than condtionals % self-awareness; % self-defeating-behavior; % self-deception; % self-control; % self-knowledge; % cf. privileged-access % self-locating-constructions; %ie de-se-attitudes, de se attitudes % self-organization-network; % self-prediction; %ie prediction of ones future actions % self-reference; % self-reproducing-automata; % ie, as in von Neumann's 1951 paper; see vonneumann:1966a % semantic-automata; % semantic-change; %= diachronic-semantics, historical-semantics, % semantic-classification; % e.g., of words in a text % semantic-closure; %semantically-closed-languages % semantic-coercion; % semantic-compositionality; % semantic-features; % semantic-fields; % As in Carnap, Popper, and Hintikka % semantic-graphs; % semantic-hierarchies; % semantic-holism; %= meaning-holism % semantic-information; % semantic-interpretation-algorithms; % semantic-memory; % semantic-metalanguages; % semantic-naturalism; % semantic-nets; %= semantic-networks, concept-networks, conceptual-networks % semantic-paradoxes; %= Liar-paradox, Grelling-paradox, Berry-paradox, etc. % semantic-primitives; % semantic-processing; % including semantic-parsing % semantic-puzzles; % semantic-similarity; % word-association, semantic-relatedness % Wrt of words in corpora, cf semantic-similarity % semantic-reflection; % semantic-role-labeling; % i.e., semantic labeling of verb arguments % semantic-tableaux; % semantic-tagging; % semantic-underspecification; % underspecified-semantics % Use this for the idea that semantic representation is % not fully disambiguated for reasoning purposes. % semantics-evaluation; % semantic-content; % i.e., of an utterance: "meaning in the favored sense" % semantic-web; % semantics-acquisition; %= I.e., developmental semantics, human meaning acquisition % semantics-course; % semantics-editorial; % semantics-history; % semantics-in-parsing; % semantics-intro; % semantics-general; % semantics-of-adjectives; % semantics-of-frequency-adjectives; % semantics-of-common-nouns; % semantics-of-inference-rules; % semantics-of-programming-languages; %= programming-language-semantics % semantics-of-proofs; % semantics-of-proper-names; % semantics-of-variables; % semantics-pragmatics; % semantics-pragmatics-interface, % semantics-pragmatics-division-of-labor % semantics-survey; % semi-structured-knowledge; % Ie, relaxed forms of representation closer to text % semigroups; % semiotics; % Semitic-languages; % sense-reference; % sensing-actions; %= sensory-actions, perceptual-actions, perceiving-actions % Cf. active-perception % sensing-formalisms; % sentence-boundary-detection; % sentence-focus; % I.e. focus as realized in syntax and % prosody. Also cf. discourse-focus % sentence-meaning; % sentence-planning; % i.e., in NL-generation, deciding on wording and syntax % sentence-tokenization; % E.g., how to input sentence in Chinese char rep and % output a list of words % sentiment-analysis; % I.e., of affect in texts % separable-verbs; % E.g., in German %= verb-particle combinations % sequence-analysis; % sequence-of-tense; % set-theory; % Seventeenth-Century-philosophy; % Sextus-Empiricus; % shape-recognition; % shared-cognition; % in social psychology % sharedplans; % signal-processing; % significant-inferences; % i.e., inferences that do no degrade information % sign-language; % Cf. American-sign-language % Siouxan-language; % similarity; % Herbert-Simon; % Simpson-paradox; % simulated-annealing; % E.g. in Boltzman machines % simulated-characters; %= E.g., in interactive-fiction % simulation; %= I.e., as a scientific methodology, as in complex systems % simulation-of-human-like-behavior; % singular-propositions; %= de-re-attitudes, de-re-propositions % situated-cognition; % including embodied-cognition % situated-nlp; % Ie, applications whereN LP is connected to sensing, actions % situated-robotics; % cf. reactive-AI, agent-environment-interaction, behavior-based-AI % situational-assessment; % I.e., in AI % situation-calculus; % situation-semantics; % situation-theory; % skepticism; % scepticism % skill; % skill-acquisition; % skolemization; % SL-resolution; % slang; % sleeping-beauty-problem; % slingshot-arguments; % sloppy-identity; % slurs; % small-clauses; % smoothing; % SNePS; % SOAR; % social-action; % social-AI; % social-aspects-of-science; % social-change; % social-choice-theory; % social-cognition; % social-constructivism; % social-contract-theory; % social-impact-of-computation; %= computers-and-culture, computers-and-society % social-institutions; % social-intelligence; % social-justice; % social-learning; % social-networks; % social-norms; % social-philosophy; % social-political-implications-of-AI; % social-psychology; % social-robotics; % social-reasoning; % social-roles; % social-science-methodology; % sociolinguistics; % sociology; % sociology-of-knowledge; % sociology-of-literature; % sociology-of-science; % Socratic-proofs; % soft-constraints; % software-architecture; % software-agents; % software-engineering; % software-engineering-text; % software-evaluation; % sorites-paradox; % software-testing; % sortals % sortal-incorrectness; %=category-mistakes % sortal-quantification; % sorting; % sort-hierarchies; % space-exploration; % spacetime-singularities; % space-time; % spam-filtering; % Spanish-language; % spatial-arrangement-tasks; % spatial-arrangement-of-items % spatial-language; % spatial-logic; % spatial-cognition; % spatial-reasoning; %= reasoning-about-space % spatial-representation; % spatial-semantics; % speaker-meaning; %= utterers-meaning, utterer's-meaning, utterance-meaning, % speaker-reference; % special-purpose-automata; % species; %= The nature of species, a topic in philosophy of science % species-distribution; % specification; % i.e., in software engineering % specificity; % speech-act-recognition; % speech-act-taxonomy; %=speech-act-classification % speech-acts; %= illocutionary-acts, performatives % speech-acts-and-ethics; % speech-errors; % speech-generation; %= speech-synthesis, text-to-speech-synthesis % speech-perception; % speech-processing; % speech-production; % I.e., in humans % speech-recognition; % speech-recognition-algorithms; % speech-repairs;; %= e.g., in interactive discourse % speech-segmentation; % speech-to-speech-machine-translation; % spelling; % spelling-correction; % split-scope; % split-utterances; % spoken-dialogue-systems; % spoken-language-corpora; % stable-models; % i.e., in logic programming % stake-sensitivity; % Ie, of beliefs % statecharts; % state-space-problem-solving; % state-space-semantics; %= A form of semantics inspired by connectionist ideas, % cf. conceptual-role-semantics % state-transition-systems; % statistical-analysis-of-algorithms; % statistical-explanation; % statistical-(in)dependence; % statistical-inference; % statistical-modeling; % statistical-model-learning; % statistical-nlp; % statistical-parsing; %= probabilistic-parsing %= probabilistic-grammars % statistical-reasoning; % statistical-semantics; % statistics; % stative-constructions; % stereoscopic-vision; % 'still'; %= 'noch' % stit; % stochastic-analysis; % stochastic-constraint-satisfaction; % stochastic-games; % stochastic-modeling; % stochastic-processes; % stochastic-search; % Stoic-philosophy; % storytelling; % story-understanding; % Stoppard; % strategic-planning; % strategic-voting; % strategy-selection; %% i.e., in game theory % stratified-logic-programs; % Strawson; % stress; % string-theory; % STRIPS; %= relational-learning % strong-equivalence; %% i.e., esp in logic programming % structural-linguistics; % structural-models; % i.e., in causal reasoning: an idea of Halpern & Pearl's %= structural-equations % structural-semantics; % structuralist-linguistics; % structure-learning; % structure-recognition; %cf. structure-learning % structured-graphs; %ie as used in kr with description logics % structured-meanings; % structured-programming; % structured-propositions; %= See propositional-attitudes % student-guides; % subjective-probability; % subjunctive-mood; % subjectivity; % including experiences that seem to be inherently "private" % sublanguages; % subnectors; %ie formula-to-term operators % subordinate-clauses; % subsentential-speech; %= sentence-fragments % subset-spaces; % An idea of Moss & Parikh % substance; % i.e., ousia, Aristotelian substance % substitutional-quantification; % substructural-logics; % sub-symbolic-representations; % Ie, the subsymbolic approach to concept representation % subtheories-of-FOL; %= FOL-fragments fragments-of-FOL limited-variable-fragments % subtheories-of-PC; %= Implicational fragments % subsumption; % succinctness; % sufficient-reason; %= principle-of-sufficient-reason % sunk-costs; % supercomputers; % supererogation; % superlative-constructions; % supertasks; % supervaluations; % supervenience; % supposing; %= supposition % Cf. hypothetical-attitudes % surface-structure; % surprise-examination-paradox; %= surprise-test-paradox, unexpected-examination-paradox %= use generally for epistemic paradoxes % swarm-intelligence; % Swedish-language; % cf. Scandanavian-languages % switch-reference; % syllogistic; % symbiotic-computing % symbolic-computation; % symbolic-reasoning; % symbol-grounding-problem; % symbol-meaning; % symbol-systems; % I.e. as proposed by Newell & Simon % symmetry; % synchronization; % synonymy%; %= sameness-of-meaning, meaning-similarity % syntactic-attitudes; %= syntactic-modality, syntactic-necessity % syntactic-binding; % syntactic-categories; % syntactic-command; % syntactic-control; % i.e., in nl-syntax % syntactic-disambiguation; %= parse-ranking, parse-reranking % syntactic-islands; % syntactic-minimalism; %= minimalist-syntax % syntactic-movement-rules; % syntactic-reflection; % synthesized-emotions; %= artificial-emotions, synthetic-emotions, computer-emotions %= affective-computing % syntax-intro; % syntax-morphology-interface; %= morphology-syntax-interface % syntax-selection; %= clause-aggregation, i.e. in nl-generation % syntax-semantics-interface; % synthetic-differential-geometry; % C-systematicity; % in Cogsci: a property of cognitive systems % L-systematicity; % In linguistics: i.e., ability to process related sentences % systemic-grammar; % system-modeling; % supertopic of device-modeling % systems-manuals; % tacit-knowledge; % TAG-grammar; %TAGs, tree-adjoining-grammars % tagmemics; % Tanoan-languages; % Tarski; % Tarski-hierarchy; % Tarski-schema; %i.e. Convention-T % task-allocation; %= multiagent-cooperation % tax-law; % taxonomic-reasoning; % taxonomies; %= concept-hierarchies % TCP-nets; % ie Tradeoff CP-nets, cf CP-nets % technological-singularity; % teleology; %Including teleological-explanation % telicity; % temporal-adverbials; %= temporal-adverbs % E.g. 'until', 'after', 'before' % temporal-cognition; % temporal-cycles; %= circular-time, loops-in-time % temporal-distance; % temporal-discourse; % temporal-direction; %time's arrow, time's-arrow, including phys possibility of time travel % temporal-experience; % temporal-logic; %= tense-logic % temporal-parts; % temporal-ontology; % temporal-prepositions; % temporal-reasoning; % temporal-reference; % temporal-representation; % I.e., in KR and cogsci. Cf. temporal-ontology. % tense-aspect; % term-extraction; %i.e., in information extraction and automatic indexing % term-logic; % term-models; % term-weighting; % i.e., in information retrieval % testimony; % text-alignment; % i.e., in multilingual corpora % text-chunking; % text-classification; % text-coherence; % Text-Encoding-Initiative; % cf. linguistic-archiving-projects % text-genre; % text-grammar; % text-integration; %= Multi-document-integration % Combining information from different texts. % text-linguistics; % text-planning; % text-revision; %= i.e., in nl-generation % textual-inference; %ie performing inferences using NL as the medium % information-extraction; %= i.e., from large corpora: shallow-parsing, text-skimming % text-segmentation; % text-simplification; % text-summary; %= automatic-summarization; text-summarization; % text-understanding; %= text-interpretation, nl-understanding, %= natural-language-understanding % textual-databases; % textual-entailment; % texture; % I.e., in computer vision % time-sharing; % time-travel; % timed-automata; % timed-modal-logics; % thematic-roles; %= theta-roles, thematic-structure, thematic-relations % theme/rheme; % theology; % theorem-proving; % theorem-proving-tactics; % theoretical-cs-general; % theoretical-cs-intro; % theoretical-simplicity; % theory-of-computation; % theories-of-information; % theory-comparison; % theory-of-organizations; % theory-of-programming-languages; % theory-reduction; %= I.e. reduction of one theory (e.g. chemistry) to another % (e.g. physics) % theory-theory-of-folk-psychology; % theoretical-vs-computational-linguistics; % thermodynamics; % thesaurus-construction; % thought-exeriments; % thick-concepts; % third-man-argument; % ie, in the Parmenides % three-D-imaging; % three-D-reasoning; % three-D-reconstruction; %= 3d-reconstruction % Especially, but not only, from 2D images % tmix-project; %= Revise Handbook Chapter (Private category, RHT) % tolerance; % topic-extraction; %= From large corpora. % topological-logics; % topological-semantics; % topological-maps; % topology; % totality; % toxin-puzzle; %See Kavka, Analysis 43 (1983) 33--36. % traces; % I.e., in syntax % trade-off-resolution; % tractable-logics; % traffic-control; % transcription-methodology; %= transcription-methods % transduction; % transfer-learning; % transfinite-recursion; % transformational-grammar; % transcendental-arguments; % transcendental-logic; % transitivity-alternations; % translation; % transliteration; % treebank-annotation; % tree-automata; % tree-clustering-algorithms; % trial-and-error-classifiers; % trigger-pair-predictors; % e.g. in speech recognition % trust; % truth; % truthlikeness; %= verisimilitude % truth-definitions; % including at this point axiomatic theories of truth % truth-hierarchies; % truth-functionality; % truth-making; % truth-maintenance; %= TMS;ATMS;reason-maintenance % truthmaking; %i.e. The relation between a truth and a set of truths % that account for it %= ground, grounding, truthmaking % truth-value-gaps; %= bivalence, excluded-middle, cf. partial-logic % truth-value-gluts; % Turing; % Turing-machines; % Turing-test; % Turkish-language; % turn-taking; % Tupi-Guarani-languages; % twin-earth; % two-dimensional-semantics; % two-envelope-paradox; % 1 envelope has twice as much money. Decision theory seems % to recommend switching. % two-level-morphology; % two-level-phonology; % type-free-theories; % type-shifting; % type-spaces; %= possible worlds in game theory, see harsanyi:1968a % type-theory; % type-token; % typed-feature-structures; % typed-feature-structure-logic; % typology; % unaccusatives; % unarticulated-constituents; % unaxiomatizability-theorems; % unbounded-dependency; % uncertain-probabilities; %= probability-intervals % uncertainty-analysis; % expressions-of-uncertainty; % ultrafilter-logic; % uncertainty-in-AI; % uncertainty-logics; % (un)decidability; % underspecification-theory; % underspecified-types; %= flexible-types % understanding; % unergatives; % (un)groundedness; % unification-in-theories; % i.e., unification as a virtue of theories, in phil of sci % unification-of-FSs; % i.e., feature-structure-unification, including unification % of terms in theorem-proving % unification-grammars; % uniqueness; % unit-refutation-formulas; % universal-grammar; % university-instruction; % college-instruction, university-teaching, etc. % UNIX; % unplanned-actions; % unreliable-information-sources; % unrestrictive-quantification; % unselective-binding; % unsupervised-learning; % untyped-lambda-calculus; % update-conditionals; % urban-legends; % urn-models; % use-based-meaning; % user-modeling; % user-modeling-in-generation; % user-requirements; % utilitarianism; % utility; % utlity-based-search; % utility-of-learned-information; % utility-function-learning; %= utility-function-recognition, utility-elicitation % utility-semantics; % Uto-Aztecan-language; % vagueness; % validity; % Ie, of arguments % valuation-algebras; % value-theory; % variable-binding; % Use this also for general discussions of variables in logic % variable-free-semantics; % variable-polyadicity; % Kenny's term for the fact that NL preds with same verb % can vary in no. of arg. positions. % vector-space-model; % a model of text content % verbal-disputes; % verbs; % verb-classes; % verbs-of-change; % verbs-of-creation; % cf acts-of-creation; % verb-particle-combinations; % verb-phrase-anaphora; % Including verb-phrase-ellipsis % verb-semantics; % verificationalism; % version-spaces; % vicious-circle-principle; % video-analysis; % Vietnamese-language; % virtual-humans; % virtual-reality; % vision; % visual-attention; % visual-reasoning; %= reasoning-with-visual-resources, diagrammatic-reasoning % visual-representation; % visual-similarity; % visual-surveillance; % visualization; % vivid-reasoning; % volition; % voting-procedures; %= voting-theory, voting-protocols % VP-ellipsis; % VP-pro-forms; % Wakashan-language; % Walbiri-language; % 'we'; % web-assistants; % web-misinformation; %= digital-misinformation, webbased-dishonesty, fact-checking % web-search; %eg search-engines % weighted-finite-state-automata; % welfare-economics; % well-founded-semantics; % of logic programs % Welsh-language; % when-questions; % Whitehead; % wishful-thinking; %= epistemic-akrasia % why-questions; % will-to-believe; % wishful-thinking; % Wittgenstein; % word-acquisition; %= lexical-acquisition, word-learning, lexical-learning, %= terminology-acquistion, terminology-extraction % word-alignment; % i.e., find corresponding words in parallel texts % word-classification; %= automatic classification of words, terminology, typically %= by applying machine learning techniques to corpora %= word-categorization % word-coocurrence-vectors; % word-frequencies; % word-hypotheses; % ie, in speech recognition % word-learning; % word-order; % WordNet; % word-problems; %= Thue-systems % word-segmentation; % word-sense; % word-sequence-probabilities; %= word-prediction, language-modeling, word-coocurrence % words % working-memory; % world-building; % world-entropy; % world-knowledge; % Esp. in commonsense reasoning and semantic processing % world-wide-web; % writing; % as a cognitive skill % writing-systems; % X-bar-theory; % XML; % Yablo-paradox; % Yale-shooting-problem; % Yiddish-language; % Zeno; % Of Elea. % zero-pronouns; %= empty-pronouns, null-pronouns % Zipf's-law; % zombies; % %%%%% End List of Topic Keywords