layout: true <div class=bot-bar> Lecture 1: Introduction and a dash of *nix </div> --- class: center, middle # Introduction and a dash of *nix ### Lecture 1 --- # Overview 1. Staff Introductions 2. Class Overview 3. Unix intro 4. Command line: what and why? --- class: center, middle # Staff Introductions --- # Instructor: Brandon Nguyen * PhD Student under Prof. Scott Mahlke * Undergrad at UT Austin in ECE * Primary focus: Computer architecture and embedded systems * Secondary focus: Digital signal processing -- * (spent my first two years as a BME doing premed...) -- * Weirdo who enjoys classes like 427, [2345]70, [34]73, 482, 583 * Interests include computer architecture, compilers, and systems software -- * Non-tech hobbies include modern and historical fencing * Shoutout to [University of Michigan Fencing Club](http://umich.edu/~fencing) --- # IA: Arav Agarwal * CS-Eng and DS-Eng * Interests include adversarial machine learning and reinforcement learning * Hobbies include reading, coffee-making, and gaming (namely roguelikes) --- # IA: Sowgandhi Bhattu * CS-Eng * Interests include data analysis and web development * Virtually interned at TD Ameritrade * Fun fact: playing guitar since age 6 --- class: center, middle # Course Overview --- # What is this class * This class is for *anyone* wanting to become more effective at using their computer for development work -- * This isn't necessarily a "tools" class * Tools come and go: does anyone remember FORTRAN and CVS? -- * Each workplace will have its own tools and workflows * The ultimate goal of this class is to help you learn to pick up, learn, and use new tools to solve problems -- * The tools you learn along the way are the icing on the cake --- # Expectations * Have a basic understanding of program control flow * e.g. if statements, loops, functions * Have experience expressing your solutions in program statements -- * Have a computer that runs Windows, mac OS, or Linux that you can install software on -- * Chromebooks are welcome if they have Linux Beta (Crostini) * Other Unix-likes/derivatives like FreeBSD are welcome too -- * Work is intended to be done alone * It can help to point each other to useful resources you find * Your code should be your own --- # Course structure ### Weekly lecture * Attendance optional * I will do live demos, mistakes can happen * Recovering from mistakes is always a learning opportunity * Fill out a survey within a week of recording publication for extra credit * Feel free to "raise your hand" in Zoom or ask the Q&A -- * I may record some supplementary lectures about certain smaller topics * One is planned for virtual machines -- ### Weekly "basic" assignment * Guided light assignments to familiarize you with tools and what you can do with them * Directly related to material covered in lecture --- ### Advanced component * Less guidance than basic assignments * May touch on some things not covered in lecture * Provides practical experience in perusing documentation and applying what you know -- * Can be fulfilled by doing 4 "advanced" assignments for full credit * Submitted online just like basic assignments -- * Can also be fulfilled by doing a project * Checked out at an office hour -- * Example projects: * Command-line based development environment (who needs a graphical IDE?) * Scripting Git * More details on this to come --- ## Grading * Two major grade categories: **Basic** and **Advanced** * Basic has 60 total points * Advanced has 40 total points * Final score is the sum of these categories * Lecture extra credit is added on top * You can see how letter grades get assigned in the [syllabus](https://eecs.umich.edu/courses/eecs201/syllabus#grading) --- ### Basic * There will be 12 basic assignments worth 6 points each * That means you only need to do 10 to get all 60 points * The other 2 assignments serve as a buffer for you to miss/skip -- * Points past 60 are worth 50%: an 11th assignment would only be worth 3 points * If you do all 12 assignments: * 12 * 6 = 72 -> 60 + 12/2 = 66 -- ### Advanced * There will be 12 advanced assignments worth 10 points each * That means you only need to do 4 to get all 40 points -- * You can also do a project for a total of 40 points * You can submit a partially completed project for partial credit -- * Similarly, points past 40 are worth 50%: an 11th assignment would only be worth 5 points * If you do all 12 assignments and the project... -- * 12 * 10 + 40 = 160 -> 40 + 120/2 = 100: no need to do basic assignments 😀 --- class: center, middle # Any questions before we continue onto material? --- class: center, middle # Intro to \*nix and the command line --- # First off, a poll * Who has used a \*nix environment? * Who has Linux on their computer? * Who has some sort of \*nix on their computer? --- # What is \*nix? * "\*nix" refers to a group of operating systems either derived from or inspired by the original AT&T Unix from Bell Labs * GNU/Linux is a "Unix-like" * mac OS is an actual Unix derivative -- * \*nix systems follow similar principles and provide similar (software) interfaces -- * Unix and its derivatives have entrenched themselves in academia and industry * The many tools developed to run on \*nix systems are mature and are here to stay * General \*nix literacy will help you since you have a pretty good likelihood to be developing on a \*nix system -- * This does not mean that \*nix systems are inherently better than other operating systems like Windows * Windows also has its own set of tools * Some \*nix tools have been ported to Windows * Windows now has WSL(2) that serves as a Linux living inside Windows --- ## What is a command line? * The "command line" is a type of interface where *you provide a line of text* that the interpreting software can interpret into commands to perform * This interpreting software is known as a "shell" * There are also "graphical shells" i.e. the GUIs of Windows and mac OS: these take an input like a mouse click on a shortcut and interprets it as a command to launch the appropriate application --- ## Why the command line? * Before we had graphical displays we printers and teletypes (TTYs) * `printf()` literally meant to print -- * We then moved onto video **terminals** * These were a combination display and keyboard, except they could only display text and symbols -- * Nowadays we don't have actual video terminal devices, but we have "virtual terminals" and "terminal emulators" to act like them (e.g. mac OS Terminal, iTerm 2, Command Prompt) -- * Unix and the many tools for it were developed during these times * Text serves as a long lasting, reliable interface that is very easy to automate * Count the number of GUI changes to Windows, mac OS, Android, and iOS over the years * How would you automate a GUI? -- * It probably would be more work than writing some commands to be run --- ## Command line basics * We will focus on the \*nix command line shell in this class * (From now on, when I say "shell" by itself I mean command line shell) -- * The \*nix shells follows very similar basic syntax no matter what shell (bash, zsh, csh, etc.) you use -- * \*nix shells provide you an interface to interact with the system via its directories (folders) and files * You can navigate through directories * You can modify files * You can launch applications * Most \*nix shells feature some sort of *tab completion*, where hitting the Tab key will make the shell try to finish a partially typed word --- ## Command structure ```bash $ <command> <argument 1> <argument 2> <argument 3> ^ ^ ^ ^ | | | |-- programs are provided these to | | | interpret (remember argc and argv[]?) | | | | | |-- words separated by whitespace | | | |-- certain things are actual programs, certain things | are handled by the shell ("built-ins") | |-- this is called a "prompt" and can take many forms ``` --- ## \*nix and the filesystem * As a spoiler for a future lecture, \*nix exposes everything as a file * Navigating through directories (folders) and interacting with files is a fundamental task * We address and locate files via "paths" * Each running program (including the command line shell) has a current (working) directory * `/` enters/separates directories * `.` refers to the current directory * `..` refers to the "parent" directory (the directory that contains the current directory) #### Types of paths: * Absolute: starts with `/` e.g. `/home/brandon/Music/saika-rabpit.flac` * We call `/` the "root directory"; the starting point of the filesystem * Relative: starts from current or parent directory * `./dir1/dir2` * `../../some-dir` * Implicitly starts from the current directory if the path doesn't start with `/`, `.`, or `..`: `dir1/dir2` --- ## Critical commands * `man`: "manual pages": gives info on programs * `pwd`: "print working directory": tells you your current directory * `ls`: "list": lists the contents of a directory * `cd`: "change directory": changes your current directory * `mv`: "move": moves files to another directory or another filename * `touch`: creates an empty file if one doesn't exist (otherwise updates its timestamp) ## Intro to automation * You can save a list of commands into a file * This is known as a "script" * You can now run this script whenever you want by invoking the filename as an argument for your shell of choice * `$ bash myscriptfile` --- # Demo -- * This lecture was only a taste of the command line * We will go more into depth on week 3 * More about \*nix * Control flow * Functions -- * Next week will be Git 😀 --- class: center, middle # Any further questions? 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