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What is a '.htaccess' file and how can I use it in my website?
Last updated 01/15/2019 3:16 PM
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Our web server runs HTTPD, which allows for the use of '.htaccess' files to control server behavior for your website. To take advantage of this, simply use a text editor to create a filed called '.htaccess' and put it in your '~/public_html' directory. Here are some examples of '.htaccess' file contents: '''Redirect to another directory''' {{Redirect /old_dir/ http://www.yourdomain.com/new_dir/index.html}} '''Simple password protection''' {{AuthName "Member's Area Name" AuthUserFile /path/to/password/file/.htpasswd AuthType Basic require valid-user}} Where '.htpasswd' is a password file created by running the commmand: {{htpasswd -b -c .htpasswd username password}} You can always add more users to this file later by running the same command without the '-c' directive. More information on this command can be found here. '''Cosign Password Protection''' To secure access to a directory using University of Michigan uniquenames and passwords, you can employ the university's single sign on system, Cosign. Here's an example. {{CosignProtected On AuthType Cosign Require user user1 user2 user3}} Where 'user1', 'user2', and 'user3' are the uniquenames of the people you would like to grant access to. Please note that this only works with HTTPS, and not HTTP. If a user attempts to access that directory with HTTPS, they will see an error message. '''Redirect HTTP connections to HTTPS''' If a user attempts to use HTTP to access a directory, you can use a rewrite condition to redirect them to HTTPS. {{RewriteEngine On RewriteCond %{SERVER_PORT} 80 RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} / RewriteRule ^(.*)$ https://www.eecs.umich.edu/$^1 [R,L]}} '''Allow access only to users from within the UM network''' {{order allow,deny allow from umich.edu deny from all}} This is just a taste of the power of '.htaccess' files. For more information, see [this|http://www.htaccess-guide.com/] page.
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